Term
| Prevalence: Anxiety Disorders |
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Definition
18% of adults in a given year
often comorbid with depression |
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Term
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Definition
Anxiety disorder = dysregulation of an adaptive fear/anxiety system
(ex. running away from a bear vs. panic attack at the mall) |
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Term
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Definition
Intense
Response to specific, IMMEDIATE danger
Fight or flight
When adaptive: someone attacking |
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Term
| Fear vs. Anxiety: Anxiety |
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Definition
Less intense
More general, associated with FUTURE danger
Motivates you to plan ahead
When adaptive: studying for exam |
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Term
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Definition
Specific phobias
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
GAD
OCD
Social phobia |
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Term
| Prevalence: Specific Phobias |
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Definition
Most common type of anxiety disorder
9% of adults in a given year |
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Term
| Definition: Social Phobia |
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Definition
Fear of a specific object/situation to an unreasonable extent
ex. spiders, heights, blood |
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Term
| Specific Phobias: DSM Criteria |
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Definition
Substantial/Persistent fear of specific object/situation
Exposure causes immediate anxiety
Person recognizes that fear is unreasonable
Object/situation avoided or endured with distress
Interferes with person's life |
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Term
| Specific phobias in children (<18) |
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Definition
Don't need to recognize fear as unreasonable
Must last at least 6months |
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Term
| Definition: Panic Disorder |
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Definition
| Defining feature: Panic attacks |
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Term
| Symptoms of Panic Disorder |
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Definition
Need at least 4:
Accelerated heart rate
Sweating
Trembling
Shortness of breath
Chest pain/discomfort
Nausea
Derealization/depersonalization
Fear of losing control
Fear of death
Paresthesias
Chills/hot flushes |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling that things around you aren't real |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling of detachment from oneself |
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Term
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Definition
| Numbness/tingling in part of body |
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Term
Peaks in 10 minutes
Cued vs. Uncued Panic Attacks |
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Definition
| Cued: Happens in a specific type of circumstance Uncued: Out of the blue |
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Term
| Panic Disorder: DSM Criteria |
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Definition
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
Panic attack: peak within 10 minutes, includes 4 symptoms
At least one panic attack followed by month of worry/change in behavior related to attack (ex. worry about having another attack) |
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Term
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Definition
Often associated with panic disorder
Fear of being in places where escape might be difficult (elevators, middle row in theatre, driving on bridge)
Avoidance of MANY situations
THINK: AGORA (crowded Greek marketplace) |
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Term
| Agoraphobia: DSM Criteria |
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Definition
Anxiety in situations where escape is difficult/embarrassing
Situations are avoided/endured with distress or can only be tolerated with companion |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
Excessive worry (unpleasant thoughts about possible negative future events--feels uncontrollable)
Difficulty accepting uncertainty
Catastrophizing (thinking of worst possible outcome) |
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Term
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Definition
Excessive anxiety/worry more days than not about SEVERAL things
At least 6 months
Difficult to control worry
3 symptoms: Restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance |
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Term
| Causes of Anxiety Disorders |
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Definition
Social Factors
Psychological Factors
Biological Factors |
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Term
| Anxiety Disorders: Social Factors |
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Definition
Stressful life events
Childhood adversity
Insecure attachment |
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Term
| Anxiety Disorders: Psychological Factors - Learning |
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Definition
Classical conditioning
Can be through observation, not just experience
Preparedness model - people are predisposed to certain types of fears (snakes, storms, etc.) |
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Term
| Anxiety Disorders: Psychological Factors - Cognition |
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Definition
Perceived lack of control
Catastrophic misinterpretation - misinterpreting a non-dangerous body sensation as dangerous (pounding heart=heart attack)
Heightened attention to threat
Self-focused attention instead of focus on external situations |
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Term
| Anxiety Disorders: Biological Factors - Genetics |
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Definition
Anxiety is mildly heritable
Genetic factors: One for GAD/Agoraphobia/Panic; One for specific phobias |
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Term
| Anxiety Disorders: Biological Factors - Neurobiology |
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Definition
Two fear-processing pathways:
Faster path (thalamus/amygdala)
Slower path (thalamus/cortex) |
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Term
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Definition
Performance/interaction in social situations is focus of fear
Generalized: if the fear includes most social situations |
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Term
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
Presence of EITHER obsessions of compulsions (or both)
Obsessions - must be intrusive, unwanted, unreasonable
Compulsions - must be driven by an obsession or specific "rule" (goal=reduce anxiety) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Checking
Cleaning (hands, house)
Order
Mental rituals |
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Term
| Prevalence Rates: Anxiety Disorders |
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Definition
Specific: 9%
Social: 7%
GAD: 3%
Panic: 3%
OCD: 1%
Agoraphobia (w/o panic): 1% |
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Term
| Comorbidity Rates: Anxiety Disorders |
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Definition
Highly comorbid: 50% of individuals with one disorder have another anxiety/mood disorder
Highest rate: GAD and severe panic disorder
Lowest rate: Specific phobias |
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Term
| Anxiety Disorders: Across Lifepans |
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Definition
| Elderly show lower prevalence rates: Older people with disorders have generally had symptoms for years |
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Term
| Anxiety Disorders: Across Cultures |
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Definition
Different cultures=expressed in different ways
Westernized societies: in relation to work
Other countries: in relation to family/religious experiences |
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Term
| Treatment of Anxiety Disorders |
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Definition
Two primary treatments: Psychopharmacology, Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy=preferred treatment, uses exposure therapy (exposes individual to feared situation)
Treatment for OCD: Exposure/response prevention |
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Term
| Exposure: Predicted Anxiety |
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Definition
| Clients think anxiety will persist if they're exposed to anxiety trigger for extended period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| Anxiety peaks and fades over time when exposed to anxiety trigger |
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Term
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Definition
| Disruption of the normally integrated mental processes involved in memory, consciousness, identity, or perception |
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Term
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Definition
Actual or threatened death/serious injury to the self or others
AND
Intense feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror
(ex. military combat, rape, earthquakes)
Normal and healthy for it to cause distress
Disorder when distress/impairment continues for extended period |
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Term
| Duration of Traumatic Stress |
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Definition
Acute stress disorder: less than 4 weeks
PTSD: more than 4 weeks |
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Term
| Key Features in Stress Disorders |
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Definition
Reexperiencing: Visualize trauma over and over, flashbacks
Avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma
Arousal/Anxiety including bodily sensations, hypervigilance, increased startle
Dissociate symptoms: Depersonalization and derealization |
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Term
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Definition
Minimum of 2 days, maximum of 4 weeks
3 dissociate symptoms: numbing/detachment/absence of emotional responsiveness, reduction in awareness of surrounding, being in a daze, derealization, depersonalization, dissociative amnesia (inability to recall certain aspects of trauma) |
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Term
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder |
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Definition
More than 4 weeks
3 of the following: avoidance of thoughts/feelings/conversations associated with trauma, avoidance of activities/places/people associated with trauma, inability to recall important aspects of trauma, diminished interest in significant activities, restricted range of emotions, sense of foreshortened future
Two or more of the following: difficulty falling/staying asleep, irritability/outbursts of anger, difficulty concentrating, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle reponse |
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Term
| Frequencies of Stress Disorders |
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Definition
Lifetime prevalence of PTSD: 6.8%
Lifetime prevalence having experienced at least one trauma: 90% (9% of these developed PTSD)
More likely for: Men (late teens to early 20's), extroverts, people with history of conduct problems
Higher levels of neuroticism/mental disorder family histories=more likely to develop PTSD after trauma
90% of people with PTSD meet critieria for another diagnosis earlier in life |
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Term
| Stress Disorders: Gender/Age/Ethnic Differences |
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Definition
Common PTSD: Women=rape, Men=combat exposure
Children: Very vulnerable, 20-40% develop PTSD after trauma
Minority groups have higher rates of PTSD (difficult living situations) |
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Term
| Stress Disorders: Course/Outcome |
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Definition
| PTSD diminishes over time: rapidly during first year and more slowly afterwards |
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Term
| Stress Disorders: Causal Factors |
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Definition
Trauma
Genes: tendency for arousal/anxiety
Heightened nervous system arousal
Psychological: Classical conditioning produces fear, operant conditioning maintains fear (negative reinforcement through avoidance of stessors) |
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Term
| Stress Disorders: Protective Factors |
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Definition
Sense of purpose of hardiness - commitment, control, challenge in facing stress
ex. first responders, firefighters, paramedics, prisoners of war tortured for political reasons (as opposed to non-political prisoners) |
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Term
| Stress Disorders: Prevention and Treatment |
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Definition
Early intervention: group/support work
Exposure therapy
Prolonged exposure therapy
Medication (antidepressants) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disruption of normally integrated mental processes involved in memory, cognition, identity, and perception |
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Term
| Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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Definition
Presence of two or more identities/personality states
Many professional believe that disorder DOES NOT exist |
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Term
| Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Fugue |
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Definition
Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or one's customary place of work, with inability to recall one's past
Can not occur during Dissociate Identity Disorder |
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Term
| Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Amnesia |
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Definition
One or more episodes of inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic of stressful event
Can not occur during stress disorders, dissociative identity disorder, dissociative fugue, or somatization disorder |
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Term
| Dissociative Disorders: Depersonalization Disorder |
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Definition
Persistent/recurrent experiences of feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one's mental processes or body
Does not occur during the course of another mental disorder |
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Term
|
Definition
| Involve physical symptoms that can not be explained by organic impairment |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Conversion Disorder |
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Definition
One/more symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor/sensory function that suggest neurological or general medical condition
Psychological factors associated with symptom or deficit |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Somatization Disorder |
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Definition
History of many physical complaints (before age 30 and over a period of several years) that result in treatment being sought
Four pain symptoms: pain related to 4 different sites/functions, 2 gastrointestinal symptoms, 1 sexual symptom, 1 pseudoneurological symptom |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Hypochondriasis |
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Definition
Preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease based on misinterpretation of body symptoms
At least 6 months
Not better accounted for by another disorder |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Pain Disorder |
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Definition
Pain in one/more anatomical sites of sufficient severity to wary clinical attention
Not better accounted for by another disorder |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Dysmorphic Disoder |
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Definition
Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance. If a slight physical anomaly is present, person's concern is markedly excessive.
Not better accounted for by another disorder |
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Term
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Definition
Intentional production/feigning of physical/psychological symptoms
External incentives for behavior (economic gain, avoiding legal responsibility, etc.) are absent |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorder Frequencies |
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Definition
Lifetime Prevalence: .05%
Body dysmorphic disorder: .4%-.7% |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Gender/Cultural Differences |
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Definition
Hypochondrosis equally common in men and women
Somatoform disorders (other than hypochondrosis) more prevalent in women
More common among lower socioeconomic grounds, less educated, African Americans, people who have lost a spouse, Puerto Ricans |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Comorbidity |
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Definition
| Frequently have comorbid depression and anxiety |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Causes - Biological |
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Definition
| Diagnosis by exclusion: Only known to be somatoform disorder when various known physical causes are ruled out |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Causes - Psychological |
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Definition
By Freud: Primary gain (protecting conscious mind by expressing psychological conflict unconsciously)/ Secondary gain (help patient avoid work/responsibility or gain attention)
Modern: Positive/negative reinforcement, learned assumption of sick role, tendency to amplify somatic symptoms, Alexithymia (deficit in capacity to recognize/express emotions signaled by physiological arousal |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Causes - Social |
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Definition
| Fear/sadness/uncertainty about life but express emotional aspects physically (due to limited insight/social intolerance of psychological complaints) |
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Term
| Somatoform Disorders: Treatment |
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Definition
Operant approach: Reward of successful coping
Cognitive behavior approach: operant techniques/cognitive restructuring to address emotional/cognitive parts of pain |
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Term
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Definition
Challenging event that creates physiological/psychological strain
Can be an event (divorce) or an appraisal (reaction/response to event)
Primary appraisal-evaluation of event, threat, or harm
Secondary appraisal-assessment of one's ability/resources for coping with event |
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Term
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Definition
| Field focusing on role of psychological factors in physical illness |
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Term
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Definition
Activated by stress
Arousal of sympathetic nervous system
Release of Adrenaline
Heart/respiration increases
Blood pressure rises
Pupils dilate
Blood sugar rises |
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Term
| General Adaptation Syndrome |
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Definition
| Three Stage Process: Alarm, Resistance (body resists stressors), Exhaustion |
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Term
| Effects of Stress on Body |
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Definition
Amygdala secretes CRF when threat is perceived
CRF activates sympathetic nervous system
Intense/chronic stress can lead to physical illness |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of relationship between stress and immune system |
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Term
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Definition
Problem-focused coping: involves changing stressor
Emotion-focused coping: alter internal processes associated with stress (attempting to relax)
Repression-Maladaptive form of emotion-focused coping
Optimism=successful;Pessimism=non-successful
Religion/Philosophical beliefs play important role |
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Term
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Definition
Axis 1: PTSD, Acute SD, adjustment disorder
Axis 2: PDs/MR can be stressing themselves
Axis 3: Medical problems
Axis 4: Psychosocial problems |
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Term
| Stress: Psychological Factors → Cancer |
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Definition
23% of deaths (Second leading cause of mortality)
Psychological factors can have an impact on cancer (habits/health behaviors) |
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Term
| Stress: Psychological Factors → HIV/AIDS |
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Definition
High-risk behaviors lead to HIV
Increased stress/decreased support lead to more rapid progression |
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Term
| Stress: Psychological Factors → Pain |
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Definition
Recurrent acute pain/chronic pain=extremely common, expensive, interfere with work performance
Pain management programs: minimize impact of pain on people's lives |
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Term
| Stress: Psychological Factors → Sleep |
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Definition
Can result directly from stress
Dyssomnias: problems in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep (insomnia/narcolepsy)
Parasomnias: abnormal sleeping events (nightmare/sleep terror/sleepwalking disorders) |
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Term
| Stress: Psychological Factors → Cardiovascular Disease |
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Definition
Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease(CHD) are critical public health concerns
Systolic blood pressure: highest pressure, when heart is pumping blood
Diastolic blood pressure: lowest pressure, occurs between heartbeats
Continuous/intense stress can contribute to disease
Heart disease=lifestyle illness
More common with Type A personality (competitive, urgent, impatient) |
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Term
| Stress-Related Disorders: Prevention and Treatment |
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Definition
Primary prevention: (prevent disease) Promoting positive health behaviors
Secondary prevention: (reduce effect of disease once present) Improving positive health behavior and stress management
Tertiary prevention: (regain function after disease is present) Increasing positive health behaviors and altering Type A behavior |
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Term
| Dementia: Definition/Symptoms |
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Definition
Gradual loss of memory/impairment in cognitive functions such as language, reasoning and decision making
Clouding of consciousness
Symptoms have SLOW onset
Symptoms generally worse at night |
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Term
| Delirium: Definition/Symptoms |
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Definition
Short-term confused state associated with agitation and hyperactivity, disorganized thinking, and reduced ability to maintain and shift attention
No identity confusion
Rapid onset, brief duration, lack of responsiveness, confused speech |
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Term
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Definition
| Limited memory impairments; loss of ability to learn new information or recall previously learned information |
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Term
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Definition
| Have expertise in assessing cognitive impairments associated with dimentia, delirium, and amnestic disorders |
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Term
| Dementia: Retrograde Amnesia |
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Definition
| loss of memory for events prior to onset of an illness or the experience of a traumatic event |
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Term
| Dementia: Anterograde Amnesia |
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Definition
| inability to learn or recall new material after a particular time; most obvious problem in the early stages of dementia |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of impairment in language caused by brain damage - includes trouble finding words, naming objects (anomia), or comprehending situations |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty performing purposeful movement in response to verbal commands; has sufficient strength and comprehension, but cannot translate the various components into meaningful actions |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty identifying stimuli in the environment; it is associated with visual, auditory, or tactile sensations; it can be relatively specific or more generalized (ex. visual agnosia is the inability to recognize certain objects or faces) |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of capacity for abstract thinking
Change in personality/emotion
Apathetic/flat emotional responses
Hallucinations and delusions
Depression in relation to awareness of one's situation
Less predictable/exaggerated emotional reactions
Increased agitation
Seizures
Dyskinesias(involuntary movements) |
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Term
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Definition
Delirium: sudden onset, brief duration, fluctuating course, visual/tactile/vivid hallucinations, lucid intervals of insight, disturbed sleep
Delirium: slow onset, long/lifetime duration, stable course, with downward trajectory over time, rare hallucinations, consistently poor insight, less disturbed sleep |
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Term
| Assessment of Dementia/Delirium |
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Definition
Mini Mental Status Examination--measure cognitive impairment, orientation to time/place, anterograde amnesia, agnosia, aphasia, and apraxia
Neuropsychological assessment--precise index of cognitive impairment, evaluates sesnorimotor, perceptual, and speech functions |
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Term
| Dementia/Amnesia: Biological Causes |
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Definition
| Diagnosed by neuropathology(brain problems/lesions that cause them) |
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Term
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Definition
Gradual onset
Progressive deterioration
Diagnosis made by ruling out other conditions
Definitive diagnosis made with autopsy brain exam → identification of plaques and tangles |
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Term
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Definition
Alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder
Memory impaired, other cognitive functions are not |
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Term
| Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick's Disease) |
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Definition
Atrophy of front/temporal brain lobes
Memory/language deficits, personality changes, impulsive actions
Impaired reasoning and judgement |
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Term
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Definition
Chorea: Unusual involuntary muscle movements
Personality changes, onset of depression/anxiety
Movement disorder and cognitive deficits
Positive family history for disorder |
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Term
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Definition
Motor system disorder
Symptoms: Tremors, rigidity, postural abnormalities, decreased voluntary movements |
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Term
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Definition
Affects arteries responsible for bringing oxygen and sugar to the brain
Signs/symptoms of stroke may be present
Infarct=area of dead tissue produced by stroke
Small strokes occur over time, and sites are scattered in different areas of the brain |
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Term
| Dementia with Lewy Bodies |
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Definition
Second most common form of dementia (after Alzheimer's)
Memory deficits followed by global dementia
Visual hallucinations, muscular rigidity
Lewy Bodies: rounded deposits found in nerve cells |
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Term
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Definition
| 25% with dementia have signs of clinical depression |
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Term
| Frequency of Disorders: Dementia/Delirium |
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Definition
15% of elderly hospitalized medical patients show signs of delirium
Prevalence of dementia: 1% for 65-69, 6% for 75-79, 40% for over 90
Reduced survival rate for dementia |
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Term
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Definition
Common cause: Medication side effects
Complications of medical illnesses |
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Term
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Definition
Genetics
Neurotransmitters: chemical transmission of messages in the brain is disrupted
Viral infections
Immune System Dysfunction: Immune system breaks down
Environmental Factors: Head injury, lower education, increased "brain work" |
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Term
| Treatment: Dementia, Delirium, etc. |
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Definition
First step = Accurate diagnosis
Secondary dementia(as a result of depression) can be treated w/ antidepressants
Primary dementia can't be treated
Medications
Environmental/Behavioral interventions (familiar surroundings, physical activity, labeling environment) |
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Term
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Definition
Family members care for 80% of patients w/ dementia
Emotional/physical burdens
Support for caregivers is beneficial |
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Term
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Definition
Clinically significant psychological pain in reaction to a life stressor
Occuring within 3 months of stressor
Doesn't represent bereavement
Once stressor is gone, symptoms don't persist for more than additional 6 months
"Distressing reaction to a normal but difficult life-cycle transition" |
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Term
| Adjustment Disorder vs. "Other Conditions..." |
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Definition
Adjustment disorder: Clinically significant symptoms, reaction to a stressor
Other conditions: Very loosely defined, not necessarily tied to stressor |
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Term
| Erikson's Stages of Adult Psychosocial Development |
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Definition
Identity vs. Role Confusion: Who am I?
Intimacy vs. Isolation: Balancing between closeness and independence in relationships
Generativity vs. Stagnation: Career/Life accomplishments or lack of purpose
Integrity vs. Despair: Acceptance of one's life as it has been lived |
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Term
| Criticisms of Erikson's Theory |
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Definition
Focus on men and the role of work
Women more likely to shape identities around relationships, not job
More recently, women tend to get jobs before settling in relationship |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: Levinson's "3 Eras" of Adult Life |
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Definition
Focus on social relationships
1. Early adult transition: moving away from parents, taking on adult responsibilities
2. Midlife transition: decrease in drive, increase in compassion (midlife crisis)
3. Late adult transition: changed in roles and relationships associated with becoming older |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: Similarities Across Transitions |
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Definition
A commonality: conflict (internal, interpersonal)
Psychological pain |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: DeWall et. al (2010) |
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Definition
Undergrads either took Tylenol or placebo and filled out daily scale of hurt feelings
Tylenol decreased social pain |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: Moratorium (by Erikson) |
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Definition
| Time of uncertainty about self/goals in early adulthood (experimentation with new roles, responsibilities, relationships) |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: Marcia's Categories of Identity Conflict |
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Definition
Identity diffusion: young adult has questions his/her childhood identity but is not actively searching for new one
Identity foreclosure: young adult continuing on path of his/her childhood identity without questioning it
Identity moratorium: young adult actively looking for new adult roles
Identity achievement: young adult has gone through an identity crisis and decided on long-term goals |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: Identity Crisis (Erikson): Who am I? |
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Definition
Religion
Sex
Morality
Career Choice
Ethnic Identity |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: Kian & Fuligni (2010) |
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Definition
| High school seniors who had found more meaning in their lives were more well-adjusted |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: Changing Roles and Relationships |
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Definition
College
Career Path
Parental relationships
Romantic relationships
^All areas associated with stress and potential adjustment disorder |
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Term
| Transition to Adulthood: Emotional Turmoil |
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Definition
| Adolescents tend to have more intense/changeable emotions, but shorter-lasting |
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Term
| Midlife and Family Transitions |
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Definition
Additions/losses of people in household
Changes in relationships |
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Term
| Frequency of Family Transitions |
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Definition
90% of adults in US get married
40% current divorce rate |
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Term
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Definition
Marital satisfaction declines after childbirth and begins improving again once children are older
Process is more important that content of conflict
Processes: Power struggle, Intimacy struggle
Contrasting interaction styles: Happy relationships and Unhappy relationships (demand and withdrawal patterns) |
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Term
| Cognitive Conflicts in Family Life |
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Definition
New roles (parenthood, divorce, age milestone, kids leaving home) → Who am I NOW?
Acceptance vs. Change: Children, parents, partners, may not always act the way we want to |
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Term
| Diagnosing Individuals vs. Relationships |
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Definition
| Scapegoating: Blaming one family member for interpersonal problems in family |
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Term
| Social Contributions to Family Conflict |
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Definition
Pressure to fulfill traditional family roles
Couples with non-traditional gender roles have more trouble at first, but happier in long run
Social: Poverty, crowded living space, limited social support |
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Term
| Gene-Environment Correlations |
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Definition
Tendency for certain genetic factors to co-occur with certain environmental situations
Girls with unfamiliar man in house menstruate earlier due to 3rd variable → Mother matures earlier → Girls who mature early tend to attract older men, not good long-term partners → More likely that early maturing girls with live with someone else later
The fact that two variables co-occur does not necessarily mean they cause one another |
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Term
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Definition
Gerontology: study of aging
Changes in physical functioning (gradual decline in health/vigor)
Menopause: end of menstruation, around age 50 |
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Term
| Categories of Older Age and Functioning |
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Definition
Young-Old: generally good health, socially active, 65-75
Old-old: some major problems, need some assistance, 75-85
Oldest-old: mostly women and low-income groups, some need constant assistance, 85+ |
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Term
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Definition
Advancing age → Loss is more common
Grief: Emotional/social response to loss
Bereavement: Grief in response to the death of a loved one |
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Term
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Definition
Kubler-Ross 5 stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Fluctuation between longing, sadness, and anger
Not usually fixed set of stages |
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Term
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Definition
More positive relationships
Greater job satisfaction
Retirement associated with increased leisure/freedom |
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Term
| Relationships in Older Age |
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Definition
| More selective about who they spend their time with → Fewer friendships |
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Term
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Definition
| 73% of adults age 57-64 are sexually active |
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Term
| Causes of Psychological Problems in Later Life |
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Definition
Psychological well-being in later life associated with good health
Health behavior: good diet, exercise, avoidance of smoking, etc.
Causes: Bereavement and living alone
Protective factors: Material well-being, recration, religion, integration in community |
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Term
| Treatment for Adjustment Disorders |
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Definition
Transition to adult life
Family transitions - prevention of problems
Therapy to address grief |
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Term
| Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT) |
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Definition
Focuses on moment-to-moment interactions between couples
Treats relationship-based problems with other disorders, like depression
Treats relationship as the patient, not the individuals |
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