Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
birth trauma
fetal position/uterine compression (big baby or twins)
ischemic injury >> inflammation/shortening |
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Term
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Definition
hand in hand;
one can cause the other, and vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
leading cause of death for infants 0-12m
M>F
more common in fall, winter, early spring |
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Term
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Definition
young mothers
secondhand smoke
prone sleeping
little prenatal care |
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Term
| AAP recommendations for safe sleep (2011) |
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Definition
sleep supine
firm sleep surface (not car seat)
same room as parents
soft objects/loose bedding out of crib
no wedges/positioners
offer pacifier at sleep time (encourages breathing)
avoid covering infant's head
don't use anti-SIDS monitors (don't work)
supervised awake tummy time |
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Term
| Risk factors for CMT+plagiocephaly |
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Definition
breech position
difficult labor/delivery
use of vacuum/forceps
large birth weight
male
multiple babies |
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Term
| progression/development of CMT |
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Definition
kinking of SCM in utero >>
damaged mm replaced by fibrotic tissue >>
tissue swelling >>
ischemic injury >>
nn/mm damage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| non-SCM mm that may be involved in CMT |
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Definition
platysma
scalenes
trapezius
post neck mm
hyoids
facial mm |
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Term
|
Definition
fibrotic tumor in involved SCM
tight ant/post neck mm
trunk curvature
plagiocephaly/craniofacial asymm
poor feeding skills
vision impairments
GMS delays (rolling) |
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Term
| Trunk curvature 2* to CMT (example: R CMT) |
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Definition
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Term
| Difficulty rolling: R CMT |
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Definition
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Term
| Activity limitations 2* to CMT |
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Definition
decr purposeful symm mvmt of head
poor midline control
poor UE protective ext/equilibrium rxn
decr ability to roll toward affected side
asymm in mvmt at young age >> limited achievement of next milestone |
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Term
LEFT torticollis:
flattening of _____ occipitoparietal bone
bossing of _____ frontal bones
_____ ear shifted anteriorly |
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Definition
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Term
RIGHT torticollis:
flattening of _____ occipitoparietal bone
bossing of _____ frontal bones
_____ ear shifted anteriorly |
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Definition
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Term
| Asymmetries of forehead/occiput 2* to torticollis (3) |
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Definition
flattening of opposite occipitoparietal bone
bossing of opposite frontal bone
anterior shift of opposite ear |
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Term
| Cranial asymmetries (categories) |
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Definition
plagiocephaly
brachycephaly
scaphocephaly
craniosynostosis |
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Term
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Definition
| premature closure of sutures in skull |
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Term
| Normal timeframe for closing of sutures in skull |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
positioning off of flat spot
helmet
DOC band |
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Term
| Plagiocephaly classification - asymmetry index: 0-5 |
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Definition
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Term
| Plagiocephaly classification - asymmetry index: 0-10 |
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Definition
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Term
| Plagiocephaly classification - asymmetry index: 11-15 |
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Definition
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Term
| Plagiocephaly classification - asymmetry index: 16+ |
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Definition
severe
(insurance will pay for helmet) |
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Term
| Plagiocephaly classification: Argenta classification |
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Definition
Types I-V
Type I: mild
Type V: severe |
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Term
| DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip): prevalence |
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Definition
1/100 births: dysplasia
1/1000 births: dislocation |
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Term
| DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip): gender distribution |
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Definition
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|
Term
DDH classification:
Femoral head lies partially beneath acetabular roof but can be reduced |
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Definition
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|
Term
DDH classification:
Femoral head is within acetabulum but can be fully dislocated using the Barlow maneuver |
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Definition
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|
Term
DDH classification:
Femoral head is completely out of acetabulum |
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Definition
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|
Term
DDH classification:
Femoral head has dislocated at an early stage during embryonic or fetal development |
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Definition
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Term
| DDH: Etiology - timeframe |
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Definition
| occurs during 3rd trimester |
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Term
| DDH: Etiology - mechanical factors |
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Definition
small uterine space
primipara mom
breech position |
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Term
| DDH: Etiology - physiological factors |
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Definition
| maternal hormones >> ligamentous laxity |
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Term
| DDH: Etiology - environmental factors |
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Definition
wide abd/flex (carry baby on hip) >> decr incidence
flat strapping to cradle board >> incr incidence |
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Term
|
Definition
PROM (limitation in abd)
asymm thigh/buttock fold
Galeazzi sign (uneven knee height)
LLD
positive Barlow or Ortolani test
Abnormal gait @ 18-24m
US, XRay |
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Term
|
Definition
Pavalik harness
casting (decr AROM >> incr risk of avasc necrosis) |
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Term
| Pavlik harness suggested to be D/C'd after __[time]___ if not beneficial |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
(usually healed by now...)
Scottish Rite orthosis |
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Term
|
Definition
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
(growth plate of femoral head slips from normal position) |
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Term
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Definition
acute
acute-on-chronic
chronic |
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Term
|
Definition
significant trauma,
immediate pain,
restricted hip abd & IR |
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Term
|
Definition
| hip aching for months, then significant trauma (fall) >> acute symptoms |
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Term
|
Definition
hx of limp,
pain for months,
decr hip motion (esp into IR & abd) |
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Term
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Definition
10-15yo
M>F
Af Am > Caucasian
Obese |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
antalgic limp,
pain in groin & anteromed thigh/knee |
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Term
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Definition
keep displacement to minimum
maintain motion
delay degenerative arthritis (incr strength)
surgical fixation (pins/screws) |
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Term
|
Definition
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease;
avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head 2º to loss of blood supply |
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Term
|
Definition
3-12yo (most common 5-7yo)
5:1 M>F |
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Term
|
Definition
unknown;
prenatal cigarette smoking
secondhand smoke
repeated episodes of transient synovitis of the hip |
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Term
|
Definition
| avascular phase (1-2 weeks) |
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Term
|
Definition
| revascularization phase (6-12 m) |
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Term
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Definition
| reparative phase (2-3 yr) |
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Term
|
Definition
| regenerative phase (final months) |
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Term
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Definition
quiet; spontaneous vascular interruption >> necrosi;
hip synovium/capsule inflamed;
no change in bone shape;
usually NO pain |
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Term
| LCPD: revascularization phase |
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Definition
vascular reaction:
new blood supply >> resorption/deposition of new bone cells (cartilagenous) |
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Term
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Definition
new bone replaces necrotic bone;
too much BW on fem hd >> flattening |
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Term
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Definition
completion of healing;
head of femur is now live spongy bone |
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Term
|
Definition
NONE: <6yo c <50% head involvement
>6yo c >50% head involvement:
ROM
trans-neck head tunneling
containment Rx
distraction Rx |
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Term
|
Definition
maintain ROM c PROM/AROM stretches (FABER)
typically NWB
no proven long-term benefit |
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Term
| LCPD: trans-neck head tunneling Rx |
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Definition
5mm hole across upper femur growth plate
works only in early stages (before head destruction)
RISK: growth arrest of femoral neck |
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Term
|
Definition
| move uncovered femoral head inside acetabulum |
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Term
| LCPD: Types of Containment Rx |
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Definition
external abd bracing
fameoral varus osteotomy sx
pelvic osteotomy sx
shelf augmentation sx
combo pelvic/femoral sx |
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Term
| LCPD: Containment Rx - external abd bracing |
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Definition
Scottish Rite
6-8yo
2 yr @ 23hr/day |
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Term
| LCPD: Containment Rx - femoral varus osteotomy sx |
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Definition
wedge cut to decr angle of inclin
∆ tension & mech of hip mm |
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Term
| LCPD: Containment Rx - pelvic osteotomy sx |
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Definition
change orientation of pelvis to cover fem head
distortion of anatomy less significant than FVO (fem varus osteotomy) |
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Term
| LCPD: Containment Rx - shelf augmentation sx |
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Definition
add shelf to acetabulum
(incr development of arthritis) |
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Term
| LCPD: Containment Rx - combo pelvic/fem sx |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
external fixture c multiple 6mm pins;
distracts fem head from acetabulum during healing |
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Term
| LCPD: Distraction Rx - timeframe |
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Definition
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Term
| LCPD: Distraction Rx - post removal |
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Definition
| abd brace worn 23hr/day, 6wks |
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Term
| LCPD: Distraction Rx - advantages |
|
Definition
no permanent alteration to anatomy
less involved surgical procedure
improved spherical shape of fem hd
stretches contracted capsule
TRULY unloads hip jt |
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Term
| Causes/Types of amputations |
|
Definition
traumatic amputation
disease-related amputation (bone sarcoma)
congenital limb deficiency |
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Term
| Congenital limb deficiency: causes |
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Definition
genetic
teratogens ingested by mom |
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Term
| Congenital limb deficiency: age |
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Definition
| present by 3-7wk gestation |
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Term
| Congenital limb deficiency: prevalence |
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Definition
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Term
| Congenital limb deficiency: 2 types |
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Definition
below elbow limb deficiency
proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) |
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Term
|
Definition
rudimentary fingers (nubbins)
fit for prosthetic device within 6 mos |
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Term
|
Definition
absence/hypoplasia of proximal femur;
varying degrees of involvement of acetabulum, fem hd, patella, tibia, fibula
unilat or bilat |
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Term
| PFFD: Aitken classification |
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Definition
A thru D
(A = least involvement) |
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Term
|
Definition
| amputated if foot is not functional |
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Term
| PFFD: PT Rx - infant/toddler |
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Definition
GMS
prosthetic leg (no knee jt, usually) |
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Term
|
Definition
| rotationplasty (Van Ness procedure) |
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Term
| Van Ness procedure: ankle PF = knee _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Van Ness procedure: ankle DF = knee _____ |
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Definition
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