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Exam 2 Nutrition
Nutrition
66
Nutrition
Undergraduate 2
07/15/2013

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Cards

Term
vitamin b
Definition
co enzymes in reactions of boy carbon carries, help organic nutrients to release energy
Term
b12
Definition
protects nerve fibers in neurological function, regenerates folate (accepts methyl group from folate) important in synthesis of DNA (RBC production)
Term
C
Definition
collagen formation (mouth+gums), wound healing, protects collagen in blood vessels, protects cell wall, antioxidant, antihistamine
Term
A
Definition
helps eye to absorb light (vision) epithelial cell layer in lining of lungs and GI tract (keratinized skin)
Term
D
Definition
regulates blood calcium levels, regulates stomach by taking in calcium from food, kidneys retain /excrete and bones (deposits) synthesized in body
Term
E
Definition
protects brain, stop cell damage, antioxidant, prevents heart disease and cancers
Term
K
Definition
blood clotting , needs vitamin k to make proteins synthesized in the body.
Term
thaimin
Definition
important for nerve cell function, alcoholics have poor diets, lack thiamin, decreased absorpstion of thiamin in stomach, increased excretion of thiamin in urine: wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
Term
folate-> B12
Definition
important in DNA synthesis (RBC production inadequate amounts won't produce RBC and can't carry iron or O2
Term
niacin
Definition
can be made in the body, amino acid tryptoph converts to niacin, prescribed to treat
Term
good sources of riboflavin
Definition
all milk products, bran, containers protect light from destroying it in milk
Term
fortified
Definition
vitamins/minerals have been added to a food
Term
enriched
Definition
nutrients that were lost during food processing have been added back
Term
calcium
Definition
bone formation 99% prevention of colon cancer, helps to lower blood pressure 1% fluid in body prevents obesity
Term
DASH diet
Definition
diet plan designed to help lower blood pressure. Recommends up calcium intake (3-4 servings low fat dairy) up potassium intake (3-4 servings fruits/veggies) low sodium diet
Term
guidelines for calcium
Definition
never take more than 500 mg per dose must have 8-12 hours between doses should take with acidic drink (OJ) do not take with coffee/tea (binds
Term
good sources of calcium
Definition
milk+milk products, yogurt, broccoli, almonds, fortified OJ, supplements
Term
RDA for CA
Definition
1,000-1,300 mg per day
Term
risk factors for osteoporososi
Definition
1. menopause
caucasian race
smoking
lack of weight bearing exercise
Term
iron
Definition
carries oxygen in the blood
Term
heme
Definition
meat good source of iron, beef, poultry
Term
non heme
Definition
legumes and grains more difficult to absorb beans, peanuts, pasta, wheat flour, tofu, soy
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
transport protein of iron
Term
in anemia
Definition
transferrin increases
hemoglobin decreases
%saturation decreases
Term
pica
Definition
the craving of non-food items like dirt, clay, corn starch, detergent, pregant women and toddlers are prone due to iron deficiency
Term
iodine deficiency
Definition
goiter
Term
visual symptoms of goiter
Definition
enlarged thyroid gland due to a lack of iodine cells in thyroid gland are enlarged
Term
supplementary foltate
Definition
prevents neural tube defects, supplement during pregnancy 30 days before, 90 after folate supplements are easy to absorb, bread, all flours, cornmeal, rice, pasta
Term
what affects bioavailability ofviatamins
Definition
cutting before cooking or washing, refrigeration
Term
BMR
Definition
weight in kgx24
Term
TEN
Definition
BMRx physical activity factor
Term
BMI
Definition
weight in lbs/(height in in^2) x 703 obese=BMI >30
Term
Know what nutrients can be converted to glucose, have an understanding of extended fast and how this related to the yo-yo diet effect.
Definition
carbs, glycogen, protein, skeletal muscle, glycerol
Term
Review the primary fuel we burn in aerobic exercise and primary fuel we use in anaerobic exercise
Definition
aerobic exercise fuel=fat, oxidation of carbs
anerobic exercise fuel= glycogen, glucose
Term
. What factors affect BMR, and what affects BMR more than any other factor?
Definition
age, height, growth, body composition, fever, stress, fastin+malnutrition most affect= lean body mass
Term
how many calories in a bound of body fat
Definition
3500 cal/lab
Term
gastric banding
Definition
makes stomach smaller take down to size of egg, reversible
Term
gastric bypass
Definition
more aggressive take bottom of small intestine up to esophagues, unused parts absorbs nutrients
Term
VO2 max
Definition
amount of O2 heart can pump out
Term
what are the overall health benefits to a routine exercise program?
Definition
improved sleep, body composition, mobility + flexion, increases bone density, decreased risk for cancer, type II diabetes, gallbladder disease, incidence of depression
Term
what are the vitamins and minerals important to an athelete
Definition
calcium muscle contractions bone strenth
iron adequate oxygen supply
viatamin e helps repair from oxidative damage
vitamin A E C antioxidants
Term
Type 1 diabetes
Definition
no insulin production, insulin needed, malnutration and muscle wasting (juvenile diabetes insulin dependent )
Term
type 2
Definition
insulin produced but cannot be recognized (insulin resistant) related to obesity
Term
type 1 goals
Definition
control glucose, time carbs w/insulin, maintain weight and growth , plan calories
Term
type 2 goals
Definition
weight loss calories to promote healthy weight loss, control/maintain glucose, prevent long term complications with glucose
Term
carbs (15g)
Definition
no processed, 50% total calories, space out evenly throuhout day, no sugar, sucrose, fuctose, watch too much fruit, choose low GI foods
Term
fats
Definition
low fat diet, limit sat. and transfatty acids, add more unsaturated fats to diet (olive oil)
Term
protein
Definition
15-20% of diet, don't follow high protein diet plans lean protein
Term
HgbA1c
Definition
measures amount of glucose on a RBC gives long term (3-4 month) look back on glucose control.
Term
Normal finger sticks
Definition
self monitoring, short term
Term
insulin resistan
Definition
insulin cannot be recognized by the body. can't connect to receptor on target cell (type II).
Term
extra calorie intake for baby momma who is in her 2nd trimester
Definition
2nd trimester extra 300-350/day
Term
3rd trimester
Definition
400-450/ day
Term
protein
Definition
increase by 25 grams per day
Term
what are risk factors if obese prior to becoming great with child
Definition
gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, post partum infections, increased need for C section, spontaneous abortions, birth defects

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Term
3. Review the difference between critical period why is nutrition so important during this time frame?
Definition
30 days before conception, 2-12 weeks impacts baby's nervous system, cardiovascular, sense organ development, cell division, irreversible damage
Term
4. What is recommended weight gain during pregnancy?
Definition
normal bmi 25-35 lbs
under bmi 28-40 lbs
over bmi 11-20 lbs
Term
iron needs
Definition
prenatal vitamin, avoid milk+ coffee, add viatmin a or acidic drink, important difficult to absorb need enough to produce RBC supply infant with 6 months iron supply
Term
gestation diabetes
Definition
2nd trimester resolves after pregnancy results in large baby and birth defects risk factors 25+ BMI before pregnant, family history hispanics/ black prev. pregnancy with diabetes
Term
what foods should be avoided during preganancy
Definition
herbal fish oil up risk of listeria foods (seafood, unpasteurized) up salmonella (raw eggs, homemade ice cream) fish
Term
calories needed during breastfeeding
Definition
min of 1800 calories extra 500
Term
10. Why is the RDA for calcium the same during pregnancy as a non-pregnant female?
Definition
absorption improves during pregancy
Term
calorie for baby
Definition
100 cal/kg
Term
benefits of breast milk
Definition
decreased allergic reactions, decreased cholesterol in bp decreased chance for obesity and tooth decay
Term
13. What are the only vitamins or minerals that may need to be supplemented for an infant under one year of age? At what age do we recommend to supplement with these nutrients?
Definition
vitamin D, fluoride, iron at 6 months
Term
14. What is recommended for folate supplementation during pregnancy and why?
Definition
prenatal vitamin; adequate amount of folate 30 days and 90 days after conception prevent neural tube defects easy to absorb in supplement form.
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