Term
|
Definition
| co enzymes in reactions of boy carbon carries, help organic nutrients to release energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protects nerve fibers in neurological function, regenerates folate (accepts methyl group from folate) important in synthesis of DNA (RBC production) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collagen formation (mouth+gums), wound healing, protects collagen in blood vessels, protects cell wall, antioxidant, antihistamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helps eye to absorb light (vision) epithelial cell layer in lining of lungs and GI tract (keratinized skin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates blood calcium levels, regulates stomach by taking in calcium from food, kidneys retain /excrete and bones (deposits) synthesized in body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protects brain, stop cell damage, antioxidant, prevents heart disease and cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood clotting , needs vitamin k to make proteins synthesized in the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| important for nerve cell function, alcoholics have poor diets, lack thiamin, decreased absorpstion of thiamin in stomach, increased excretion of thiamin in urine: wernicke-korsakoff syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| important in DNA synthesis (RBC production inadequate amounts won't produce RBC and can't carry iron or O2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be made in the body, amino acid tryptoph converts to niacin, prescribed to treat |
|
|
Term
| good sources of riboflavin |
|
Definition
| all milk products, bran, containers protect light from destroying it in milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vitamins/minerals have been added to a food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nutrients that were lost during food processing have been added back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone formation 99% prevention of colon cancer, helps to lower blood pressure 1% fluid in body prevents obesity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diet plan designed to help lower blood pressure. Recommends up calcium intake (3-4 servings low fat dairy) up potassium intake (3-4 servings fruits/veggies) low sodium diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| never take more than 500 mg per dose must have 8-12 hours between doses should take with acidic drink (OJ) do not take with coffee/tea (binds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| milk+milk products, yogurt, broccoli, almonds, fortified OJ, supplements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk factors for osteoporososi |
|
Definition
1. menopause
caucasian race
smoking
lack of weight bearing exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries oxygen in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meat good source of iron, beef, poultry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legumes and grains more difficult to absorb beans, peanuts, pasta, wheat flour, tofu, soy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport protein of iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transferrin increases
hemoglobin decreases
%saturation decreases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the craving of non-food items like dirt, clay, corn starch, detergent, pregant women and toddlers are prone due to iron deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| visual symptoms of goiter |
|
Definition
| enlarged thyroid gland due to a lack of iodine cells in thyroid gland are enlarged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents neural tube defects, supplement during pregnancy 30 days before, 90 after folate supplements are easy to absorb, bread, all flours, cornmeal, rice, pasta |
|
|
Term
| what affects bioavailability ofviatamins |
|
Definition
| cutting before cooking or washing, refrigeration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BMRx physical activity factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weight in lbs/(height in in^2) x 703 obese=BMI >30 |
|
|
Term
| Know what nutrients can be converted to glucose, have an understanding of extended fast and how this related to the yo-yo diet effect. |
|
Definition
| carbs, glycogen, protein, skeletal muscle, glycerol |
|
|
Term
| Review the primary fuel we burn in aerobic exercise and primary fuel we use in anaerobic exercise |
|
Definition
aerobic exercise fuel=fat, oxidation of carbs
anerobic exercise fuel= glycogen, glucose |
|
|
Term
| . What factors affect BMR, and what affects BMR more than any other factor? |
|
Definition
| age, height, growth, body composition, fever, stress, fastin+malnutrition most affect= lean body mass |
|
|
Term
| how many calories in a bound of body fat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| makes stomach smaller take down to size of egg, reversible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more aggressive take bottom of small intestine up to esophagues, unused parts absorbs nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of O2 heart can pump out |
|
|
Term
| what are the overall health benefits to a routine exercise program? |
|
Definition
| improved sleep, body composition, mobility + flexion, increases bone density, decreased risk for cancer, type II diabetes, gallbladder disease, incidence of depression |
|
|
Term
| what are the vitamins and minerals important to an athelete |
|
Definition
calcium muscle contractions bone strenth
iron adequate oxygen supply
viatamin e helps repair from oxidative damage
vitamin A E C antioxidants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no insulin production, insulin needed, malnutration and muscle wasting (juvenile diabetes insulin dependent ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulin produced but cannot be recognized (insulin resistant) related to obesity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control glucose, time carbs w/insulin, maintain weight and growth , plan calories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weight loss calories to promote healthy weight loss, control/maintain glucose, prevent long term complications with glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no processed, 50% total calories, space out evenly throuhout day, no sugar, sucrose, fuctose, watch too much fruit, choose low GI foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low fat diet, limit sat. and transfatty acids, add more unsaturated fats to diet (olive oil) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 15-20% of diet, don't follow high protein diet plans lean protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures amount of glucose on a RBC gives long term (3-4 month) look back on glucose control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self monitoring, short term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulin cannot be recognized by the body. can't connect to receptor on target cell (type II). |
|
|
Term
| extra calorie intake for baby momma who is in her 2nd trimester |
|
Definition
| 2nd trimester extra 300-350/day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase by 25 grams per day |
|
|
Term
| what are risk factors if obese prior to becoming great with child |
|
Definition
gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, post partum infections, increased need for C section, spontaneous abortions, birth defects
:( |
|
|
Term
| 3. Review the difference between critical period why is nutrition so important during this time frame? |
|
Definition
| 30 days before conception, 2-12 weeks impacts baby's nervous system, cardiovascular, sense organ development, cell division, irreversible damage |
|
|
Term
| 4. What is recommended weight gain during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
normal bmi 25-35 lbs
under bmi 28-40 lbs
over bmi 11-20 lbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prenatal vitamin, avoid milk+ coffee, add viatmin a or acidic drink, important difficult to absorb need enough to produce RBC supply infant with 6 months iron supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2nd trimester resolves after pregnancy results in large baby and birth defects risk factors 25+ BMI before pregnant, family history hispanics/ black prev. pregnancy with diabetes |
|
|
Term
| what foods should be avoided during preganancy |
|
Definition
| herbal fish oil up risk of listeria foods (seafood, unpasteurized) up salmonella (raw eggs, homemade ice cream) fish |
|
|
Term
| calories needed during breastfeeding |
|
Definition
| min of 1800 calories extra 500 |
|
|
Term
| 10. Why is the RDA for calcium the same during pregnancy as a non-pregnant female? |
|
Definition
| absorption improves during pregancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased allergic reactions, decreased cholesterol in bp decreased chance for obesity and tooth decay |
|
|
Term
| 13. What are the only vitamins or minerals that may need to be supplemented for an infant under one year of age? At what age do we recommend to supplement with these nutrients? |
|
Definition
| vitamin D, fluoride, iron at 6 months |
|
|
Term
| 14. What is recommended for folate supplementation during pregnancy and why? |
|
Definition
| prenatal vitamin; adequate amount of folate 30 days and 90 days after conception prevent neural tube defects easy to absorb in supplement form. |
|
|
