Term
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Definition
| A virus that infects bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| A submicroscopic, parasitic, filterable agent consisting of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. |
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Definition
| An infectious protein particle |
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Definition
| Kuru, Scrapie, Mad cow disease, Cruetzfeld-Jakob disease, Gertsman-Straussler Syndrome and fatal familial insomnia |
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Term
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Definition
| Any virus that has additional structures (like feet) |
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Term
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Definition
| State in which phage DNA is incorporated into the host cell without lysis. |
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Definition
| Phage multiplication that results in host cell lysis/death. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nonliving object that can spread infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection in which symptoms develop rapidly but last for only a short time. |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection that does not cause a noticeable illness (subclinical) CARRIER |
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Term
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Definition
| An illness that develops slowly and is likely to continue or recur for long periods. |
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Definition
| Acute infection that causes the initial infection |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection caused by an opportunistic microbe after a primary infection has weakened the host’s defenses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease process that gradually builds up and progresses over a period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in body function that is FELT by the patient as a result of disease SUBJECTIVE |
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Term
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Definition
| A change due to a disease that can be OBSERVED or MEASURED |
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Term
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Definition
| Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a particular period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease that is constantly present in the population |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidemic disease that occurs worldwide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease acquired my many hosts in a given area in a short period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the outer portion of the cell wall (Lipid A) of most Gram-negative bacteria; released on destruction of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Host defenses that afford protection against of any kind of pathogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which phagocytes stick to the lining of blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which phagocytes move out of blood. |
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Term
| What bacteria normally live in the human intestine? |
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Definition
| Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Proteus, Candida(fungus), Clostridium difficile. Facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes. |
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Term
| What food products does Lactobacillus aid us in making? |
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Definition
| Cheese, yogurt, rye bread, sauerkraut, pickles, buttermilk |
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Term
| parts of a virus and where they are located |
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Definition
| Nucleic Acid: DNA or RNA never both, Capsid: Protein coat made up of capsomeres, only found in some: Envelope: Developed when the virus lyses the cell. Spikes: Usually found with-in the envelope. |
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Term
| Hallmark of Bdellovibrio? |
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Definition
| Attacks other gram negative bacteria |
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Term
| All facts about Staphylococcus aureus? |
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Definition
| Phylum Firmuculates, Bacillales order, Gram-positive yellow pigmented colonies, facultative anaerobes, naturally occurring on our skin, in nostrils. Like high salt/OP & low moisture. Major problems in hospitals w/wounds. High levels of antibiotic resistance. Produces an enterotoxin that causes vomiting and nausea. TSS, food poisoning. |
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Term
| What are spore producing anaerobe that overgrows after a strong course of antibiotics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which group has efflux pumps? why? |
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Definition
| Pseudomondales; antibiotic resistance |
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Term
| Which bacteria lack a cell wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes a bacteria a spirochete? |
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Definition
| Possess axial filaments (endoflagella) |
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Term
| How are chlamydias and rickettsias different? |
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Definition
Rickettsia - transmitted by ticks, reproduce by binary fission, bacillus shaped, causes increased blood vessel permeability
Chlamydia - transmitted by contact, reproduce through reticulate bodies, coccus shaped, contagious portion is elementary body |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteria-No Kingdom-Proteobacteria-
Gammaproteobacteria-Enterobacteriales-
Enterobacteriaceae-Escherichia-E. Coli
GRAM NEGATIVE, bacillus shaped, facultative anaerobe |
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Term
| Which bacteria are responsible for most infections and most different kind of infections? |
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Definition
| Streptococcus (S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, S. mutans, S. agalactiae) |
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Term
| Which animal transmit malariaa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the reason for difficulty establishing the etiology of cancer? |
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Definition
a. Cancer may not develop until long (25-35 yrs) after a viral infection that caused it
b. Cancer does not seem to be contagious & viral diseases usually are
c. Some viruses do not cause cancer at all. |
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Term
| What is the most common accidental AIDS exposure with health care workers? |
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Definition
| needle/syringe stick which is a fomite |
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Term
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Definition
| in living animals, in embyonated eggs, in cell cultures |
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Term
| What is special about Caulobacter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacteria causes stomach cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemoheterotrophic, unicellular, low moisture, high salt, acidic environment EUKARYA |
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Term
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Definition
a. Attachment: Phage attaches to host cell.
b. Penetration: Phage penetrates host cell and injects the DNA.
c. Biosynthesis: Phage DNA directs synthesis of viral components by the host cell.
d. Maturation: Viral components are assembled into virions.
e. Release: Host cell lyses, and new virions are released |
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Term
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Definition
| Cycle ends with death of host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Short lived but with a sharp spike. |
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Term
| Latent disease and example |
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Definition
dormant in the body; patient is asymptomatic
Chicken pox to shingles
Herpes to cold sores |
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Term
| Persistent disease and example |
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Definition
Gradually progresses over a long period of time then suddenly causes death.
Measles to SSPE |
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Term
| Example of fomites in the hospital |
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Definition
| EVERYTHING except patient |
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Term
| What is the major significance of Koch's Postulates? |
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Definition
| Used to prove that microorganisms cause disease |
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Term
| Problems with Koch's Postulates? |
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Definition
1) Some pathogens cause more than 1 disease (Streptococcus pyogenes)
2) Some pathogens only cause disease in humans
3) Not all diseases are cause my microorganisms |
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Term
| What is the percentage of hospital patients that will get a nosocomial infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common nosocomial infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| 32% of nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| 22% of nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| 15% of nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
| Lower respiratory infections |
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Term
| 14% of nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| 17% of nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients will develop nosocomial infections if...? |
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Definition
Be present in the hospital setting
Have a compromised host
It is in the proper point in the chain of transmission |
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Term
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Definition
incubation period
prodromal period
period of illness
period of decline
period of convalescence |
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Term
| Stage of disease when fever is the highest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does an endotoxin come from? |
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Definition
| They are a part of gram negative cell walls. The Lipid A portion of the LPS layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protiens secreted from pathogens that bind up protein in the host cell. |
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Term
| What is the parenteral route? |
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Definition
| Portal of entry directly deposited into the tissues beneath the skin |
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Term
| Most frequent portal of entry? |
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Definition
| Respiratory tract mucus membranes |
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Term
| Physical factors protecting skin? |
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Definition
Skin
Mucous membrane
mucous
ciliary escalator
lacrimal apparatus
saliva
urine
vaginal secretions
peristalsis, vomiting, defecating |
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Term
| WBC that are the most phagocytic? |
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Definition
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Term
| WBC associated with parasitic infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| WBC associated with histamine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which complement proteins are involved in cytolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the effects of complement activation? |
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Definition
| Opsonization, cytolysis, inflammation |
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Term
| What viruses cause Hepatitis B? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which complement proteins are involved in opsonization? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which complement proteins are involved in inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria are diplococci shaped? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the effects of histamine? |
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Definition
| Inflammation blood vessel permeability, chemotactic attraction of phagocytes |
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Term
| Hemoflagellates cause what genus of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Protozoa, intestinal parasite that has a ventral sucker and releases oocysts - found in contaminated water |
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Term
| What is Trichomonas vaginalis? |
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Definition
| Protozoa with undulating membrane, no mitochondria and creates a frothy, nasty smell |
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Term
| What is Plasmodium vivax? |
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Definition
| Causative agent of malaria. Intermediate host is human, definitive host is mosquito |
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Term
| What bacteria is associated with undercooked shellfish? What is the shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria is able to survive in disinfectant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria is associated with restaurant grade poultry? |
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Definition
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