Term
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Definition
| a chemical substance from one microorganism that inhibits or kills another microorganism |
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Definition
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Definition
| drug that inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill bacteria |
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Definition
| drug that kills microbial cells but not the host's own cells (doesn't protect good microbes) |
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Term
| Broad Spectrum Antibiotic |
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Definition
| drug that is effective against a wide range of microbes |
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Term
| Narrow Spectrum Antibiotic |
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Definition
| drug that is effective against a limited range of microbes |
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Definition
| Group of antimicrobial medications that inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis and have a shared chemical structure called a beta-lactam ring |
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Definition
| resistance due to mutation or acquisition of new genes |
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Definition
| antibiotic that interferes with the synthesis of the peptidoglycan portion of bacterial cell walls |
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Term
| Minimum Inhibitory Concentration |
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Definition
| the lowest concentration of a drug that will inhibit the microorganism from growing |
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Term
| Minimum Bactericidal Concentration |
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Definition
| lowest concentration of a drug that will kill 99.9% of the population of a particular bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lowest dose toxic to the patient divided by the dose used to treat the disease |
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Definition
| resistance due to an inherent characteristic of the microbe |
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Definition
| site on an enzyme to which the substrate binds; also known as the catalytic site |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of genes through binary fission/replication; from a parent cell to a daughter cell |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission of DNA from one bacterium to another through conjugation, DNA-mediated transformation, or transduction; also called lateral gene transfer |
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Term
1. Ernest Duchesne - realized that microorganisms create toxins to kill other bacteria (Arabian horse saddles)
2. Paul Ehrlich - syphilis is caused by spirochete bacteria |
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Definition
| Name two men that led to the discovery of antibiotics and what they did |
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Term
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Definition
| First practical antimicrobial medications |
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Definition
| Man who discovered penicillin |
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Definition
| Man who isolated streptomycin from the soil bacterium Streptomyces |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical that inhibits a microbe, includes antibiotics and sythentic drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmid carrying one or more genes for antibiotic resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| altering drugs slightly to overcome antibiotic resistance |
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Term
1. Don't allow bacteria into cell
2. E-flux pumps move foreign objects (including antibiotics) out of cells
3. Change the target's shape so antibiotic can't work
4. Break down/degrade antibiotic
5. Change shape of antibiotic
6. Change the function of the target to be non-essential |
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Definition
| six drug resistance mechanisms |
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Term
1. Conjugation
2. Transduction
3. Transformation |
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Definition
| Name 3 types of horizontal gene transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of a plasmid from a donor to a recipient bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of genes from one bacterium to another mediated by bacteriophage |
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Term
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Definition
| uptake and incorporation of free DNA into a recipient bacterium |
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