Term
How Well Does a Drug Get Into the CNS?
(Optimal Passive Factors) |
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Definition
Highly lipid soluble
Low molecular weight
Non-polar
Alkaline pKa
Low protein binding
Oily drugs |
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Term
CNS Efflux Proteins
(MDR1) |
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Definition
| Prevent high concentration of drug in the brain; kick out bad drugs and substrates like bouncers. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Synthesis and storage of Neurotransmitter
2) Action potential traveling neuron
3) Membrane depolarization activates voltage sensitive calcium channels
4) Vesicle fusion with snare proteins
5) Post synaptic Binding
6) Ligand is removed from receptor
7) Ligand enzymatically metabolized in cleft
8) Ligand recycled back into pre-synaptic cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid appearance of progressive decreas in response to a given dose after repetitive administration of a pharmacologically or physiologically active substance. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Poison is in everything and nothing is without poison. The dosage makes it either a poison or a remedy. |
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Term
Type 1: Immediate-type hypersensitivity
- Most Important - |
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Definition
Trigger: Antigen-binding on IgE on mast cells
Mediators: Histamine and serotonin
Signs and symptoms: hives, urticaria (a kind of skin rash notable for pale red, raised, itchy bumps), bronchoconstriction, hypotension, and shock.
Extra: Immediate and deadly; after more and more exposure, the worse the reaction is and may experience anaphylaxis. |
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Term
| Type 2: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (Humoral) |
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Definition
Trigger: IgG and complement binding cell-bound antigen.
Mediators: Neutrophils, macrophages, and NKCs
Signs and symptoms: Hemolysis |
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Term
| Type 3: Immune-complex disease (Humoral) |
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Definition
Trigger: IgG and complement binding soluble antigen
Mediators: neutrophils, macrophages, NKCs, reactive oxygen species, and chemokines.
Signs and symptoms: cutaneous vasculitis |
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Term
| Type IV: Delayed-type hypersensitivity (Cell-mediated) |
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Definition
Trigger: antigen in association with MHC protein on the surface of APCs
Mediaotrs: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, macrophages, and scytokines
Signs and symptoms: muscular rashes and organ failure |
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Term
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Definition
Leading cause of liver failure in Us
* Narrow safety margin
- 4g/day max dosage
* Acute overdoes from greater than or equal to 7g or 150mg/kg: causes GI pain and N/V early and transitions to bleeding, acidosis, and liver failure later. |
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Term
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Definition
Widely available and abused, tirggers opiate receptors.
* Warnings include: hepatotoxicity, respiratory depression, misuse, abuse, and diversion.
* Acute overdose: sedation, respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, constipation, hypotension and bradycardia.
* Antidote: naloxone; opiate antagonist by blocking receptor, rapid onset and short-acting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transporter for 5HT reuptake |
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Term
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Definition
| Transporter for NE uptake |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents reuptake of 5HT only (agonist), blocks the reuptake of serotonin leading to increased concentrations in the synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
Prevent reuptake of 5HT and NE (agonist)
- involves the blockade of 5-HT and norepinephrine reuptake in a concentration-dependent manner. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Primary dysfunction: no well-defined structural causes.
- Carries a vascular component (dilation) and a neuron hyper-excitability component within the occiptal cortex
- Unilateral (pain on one side, visual aura precipitates (see/feel the headache coming, ex. see a light), throbbing character associated with photosensitivity, lethargy, N/V, diaphoresis, inability to concentrate |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs when you take medications that cause high levels of the chemical serotonin to accumulate in your body.
*Severe Symptoms: High fever, Seizures, Irregular heartbeat, Unconsciousness.
*Symptoms: Agitation or restlessness
Confusion
Rapid heart rate and high blood pressure
Dilated pupils, Loss of muscle coordination or twitching muscles
Muscle rigidity, Heavy sweating, Diarrhea,Headache, Shivering, Goose bumps |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit the second messenger of 5HT, decreases cAMP, works on the presynaptic neuron, serotonin agonists that reverse the dilation of the blood vessesl in the brain (causes restriction of blood vessels) |
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Term
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Definition
| Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine |
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