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Exam 2 for Personality
The flashcards cover the three chapters for Exam 2
163
Psychology
Graduate
02/16/2018
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Term
As a child, Adler had an intense rivalry with...
 Definition
An older brother named Sigmund
Term
Individual psychology can be considered to be
 Definition
optimistic.
Term
People strive toward superiority through one of two paths. One is the route of social interest; the other is the road of
 Definition
exaggerated personal gain
Term
To Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person's activity is
 Definition
the striving for success or superiority.
Term
According to Adler, a person's final goal is
 Definition
a creation of the creative power.
Term
Adler insisted that personality is shaped by
 Definition
subjective perceptions.
Term
Adler called ideas that have no real existence yet influence individuals as if they really existed
 Definition
fictions.
Term
The doctrine that motivation should be considered according to its final purpose or aim is called
 Definition
teleology
Term
Alder believed that organ inferiorities
 Definition
stimulate feelings of inferiority.
Term
Gemeinschaftsgefühl is usually translated as
 Definition
social interest.
Term
According to Adler _________________ is the "sole criterion of human values."
 Definition
social interest
Term
A person's final goal is ultimately shaped by
 Definition
the creative power.
Term
A person's style of life becomes fairly well established at about what age?
 Definition
4 to 5 years
Term
Adler held that people are continually pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for
 Definition
completion.
Term
To Adler, the core of maladjustment is
 Definition
lack of social interest.
Term
Early recollections are
 Definition
keys to understanding one's style of life.
Term
According to Adler, the creative power
 Definition
shapes one's style of life.
Term
Adler believed that the goals of a neurotic
 Definition
are exaggerated and unrealistic.
are compensations for organ inferiorities.
Term
Pampered children
 Definition
frequently feel neglected.
Term
Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are
 Definition
sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious.
Term
Safeguarding tendencies protect exaggerated feelings of superiority against
 Definition
public disgrace.
Term
Compared with Freud, Adler
 Definition
had a more positive view toward women.
Term
Style of life is most reliably revealed by
 Definition
early recollections.
Term
According to Adler, dreams
 Definition
provide information for dealing with future problems.
Term
Although he was not an original member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Adler was the first to break from Freud.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Although he was an original member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Adler was not a disciple of Freud.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Among many differences between Freud and Adler were their attitudes toward Americans.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Both Adler and Freud came from middle-class Jewish backgrounds and grew up in the Vienna area.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Most people who have read Freud and Adler agree that Adler was the better writer
 Definition
FALSE
Term
During the first few years after breaking from Freud's organization, Adler was unable to write or to continue his practice of psychotherapy.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
According to Adler, people's present behaviors are strongly influenced by their experiences of the past.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Adler believed that the most important fiction is the goal of superiority or success.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Causality is an explanation of behavior in terms of future goals and aspirations.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Style of life is usually developed between the 10th and 12th years of life, according to Adler.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Everyone has feelings of inferiority.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Even criminals possess some amount of social interest.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Heredity and learning account for all personality development
 Definition
FALSE
Term
People with very high levels of social interest eventually become self-centered.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Social interest is synonymous with charity and unselfishness.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
The fact that all of us have survived infancy indicates that we have at least some potential for social interest.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Adler believed that people are basically what they make of themselves.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Most neurotics have a neglected or pampered style of life.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
A pampered style of life is the result of too much mother love.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Safeguarding tendencies protect the ego from the pain of anxiety.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Adler believed that the psychic life of women is essentially the same as that of men.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Adler agreed with Freud that dreams are expressions of infantile wishes.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Adler believed that dreams are forward looking.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Adler hypothesized that physical deficiencies can contribute to either a useful or a useless style of life.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Adler believed that people's interpretations of experiences are more important than the experiences themselves.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
1. According to Adler, the striving for ____________________ or success is the dynamic force behind our actions.
 Definition
Superiority
Term
1. According to Adler, the striving for ____________________ or success is the dynamic force behind our actions.
 Definition
Superiority
Term
2. Adler believed that people are motivated more by _______________ than by reality.
 Definition
Fictions
Term
3. Organ _________________ suggests that a diseased or inferior part of the body expresses the direction of a person’s goal.
 Definition
Dialect
Term
4. To Adler, personality is molded by subjective ________________ rather than by reality.
 Definition
Perceptions
Term
5. Fictions are people’s expectations of the ____________________.
 Definition
Future
Term
6. Lack of ____________________ is the essence of maladjustment.
 Definition
Social interest
Term
7. Gemeinschaftsgefühl, or ________________________, refers to a positive feeling for all humanity.
 Definition
Social interest
Term
8. Unhealthy people strive for personal _____________________, whereas psychologically healthy people strive for the success of all people.
 Definition
Superiority
Term
9. Adler held that personality is shaped by the ________________ power, although heredity and environment contribute to its building material.
 Definition
Creative
Term
10. Unhealthy people have an essentially useless ________________ of life, whereas healthy people have a useful one.
 Definition
Style
Term
11. Maladjusted people tend to set their goals too ______________.
 Definition
High
Term
12. People with a ___________________ style of life try to make permanent a parasitic relationship with their mother.
 Definition
Pampered
Term
13. Safeguarding tendencies protect a person from ___________________.
 Definition
Public disgrace
Term
14. Adler believed that if style of life changes, then one’s ________________________ should also change.
 Definition
Early recollections
Term
15. Two common excuses are ___________________ and “Yes, but.”
 Definition
ÝIf onlyý
Term
16. The masculine _________________ is a false belief that men are superior to women.
 Definition
Protest
Term
17. Adler was a ____________________-born child, and he believed that children who enter their family in that position are likely to develop strong social interest.
 Definition
Second
Term
Jung's mid-life crisis followed soon after the break in his friendship with
 Definition
Freud
Term
Jung divided the unconscious psyche into two parts: the personal and the
 Definition
collective.
Term
In analytical psychology, the center of consciousness is
 Definition
the ego.
Term
The contents of the personal unconscious are called
 Definition
complexes
Term
Archetypes are
 Definition
components of the collective unconscious.
Term
The persona archetype
 Definition
shows itself as the social role we reveal to others.
Term
According to Jung, a person's first test of courage is to
 Definition
realize the shadow.
Term
The anima is
 Definition
the feminine side of men.
Term
Irrational moods in men are represented by the
 Definition
anima.
Term
The archetype of nourishment and destruction is the
 Definition
great mother.
Term
The great mother archetype is most likely to be symbolized by
 Definition
a witch.
Term
The wise old man archetype represents
 Definition
meaning and wisdom.
Term
The hero archetype
 Definition
ften has a tragic flaw.


B) is sometimes part god.


C) fights to conquer evil.


D) may be represented by comic book characters such as Superman.
Term
The self is usually represented by this symbol.
 Definition
the mandala
Term
In Jungian psychology, the self
 Definition
is the archetype of completion and wholeness.


B) is the center or essence of personality.


C) includes the other archetypes.
Term
If Freud's theory is basically causal and Adler's is essentially teleological, then Jung's theory is
 Definition
both causal and teleological.
Term
In Jungian psychology, introversion and extraversion are regarded as
 Definition
functions
Term
According to Jung, extraversion is basically
 Definition
objective.
Term
Introverted feeling types
 Definition
rely on subjective evaluations rather than the opinions of others.
Term
Jung regarded thinking and feeling as
 Definition
rational functions.
Term
Which of these is NOT a substage of Jung's childhood period?
 Definition
oral
Term
Jung believed that the most important stage of life is middle life. At that time a person should
 Definition
move from an extraverted attitude toward an introverted one.
Term
The process of becoming whole or complete-that is, actualizing the various components of personality-is called
 Definition
individuation.
Term
According to Jung, these dreams originate from the collective unconscious rather than from personal experiences of the dreamer.
 Definition
big dreams
Term
Most research on Jungian concepts has involved the notion of
 Definition
typology.
Term
Jung regarded his father as reliable but powerless.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Jung's concept of the personal unconscious is essentially the same as Freud's concept of the unconscious plus the preconscious.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Jung wrote several of his most important books during the three-year period following his split from Freud.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Complexes are contents of the collective unconscious.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
In Jungian psychology, the ego is the center of consciousness but not the center of personality.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Archetypes are expressed through dreams, fantasies, delusions, and hallucinations.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
The first test of courage for a man is to confront his anima.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
The persona is an archetype that refers to the role we adopt in society.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
To Jung, the ultimate goal in life and the highest level of attainment is self-realization.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
A woman's masculine side is called the anima.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Both women and men have a great mother archetype.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
The wizard in The Wizard of Oz would symbolize the wise old man archetype.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
The hero is the archetype of perfection and of a person who cannot be conquered or slain.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
The tendency to move toward perfection and completion is symbolized by the self archetype.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
The mandala symbolizes the shadow archetype.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Jungian psychology looks for causal explanations rather than teleological ones.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
The two attitudes in Jungian psychology are masculinity and femininity.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
A psychologically healthy middle-aged person continues to rely on the social and moral values learned during childhood and youth.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Extraverts rely on their subjective view of the world rather than objectivity reality.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
Feeling, sensing, intuiting, and thinking are the four basic functions in Jungian psychology.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
The behavior of extraverted sensing people is guided mostly by their subjective opinions.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
In his stages of development, Jung emphasized early childhood more than any other stage.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator includes judgment and perception, two functions not included in Jung's concept of types.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Like psychoanalysis, Jung's theory does not lend itself easily to falsification.
 Definition
TRUE
Term
Unlike Freud, Jung was careful to phrase his theory with operationally defined terms.
 Definition
FALSE
Term
1. Jung’s concept of a ____________________ unconscious is parallel to Freud’s idea of the unconscious.
 Definition
Personal
Term
2. The notion of a ______________________ unconscious is Jung’s most controversial and distinctive concept.
 Definition
Collective
Term
3. Jung’s ________________ personality was in touch with feelings and intuitions of which his other personality was unaware.
 Definition
No. 2.
Term
4. According to Jung, the ______________________ is the center of consciousness.
 Definition
Ego
Term
5. ____________________ are contents of the personal unconscious.
 Definition
Complexes
Term
6. ____________________ are contents of the collective unconscious
 Definition
Archetypes
Term
7. People dominated by their ______________________ have a shallow personality and strive to project a specific public image.
 Definition
Persona
Term
8. Jung believed that recognition of the ______________________ is the first test of a person’s courage.
 Definition
Shadow
Term
9. The anima is the ___________________ side of men.
 Definition
Feminine
Term
10. Jung carried on conversations with his __________________ during his midlife crisis.
 Definition
Anima
Term
11. The masculine side of women is called the __________________.
 Definition
Animus
Term
12. The great mother is the archetype of _________________________ and nourishment.
 Definition
Destruction
Term
13. The _____________________ archetype symbolizes wisdom and meaning.
 Definition
Wise old man
Term
14. The most comprehensive archetype is the ___________________.
 Definition
Self
Term
15. Thinking, feeling, sensation, and ____________________ make up the four Jungian functions.
 Definition
Intuition
Term
16. Extraversion and introversion are the two basic _________________.
 Definition
Attitudes
Term
17. The backward flow of psychic energy is called __________________.
 Definition
Regression
Term
18. Jung believed that during the ________________________ stage, people should move from an extraverted attitude to an introverted one.
 Definition
Midlife
Term
19. Jung held that “big dreams” spring from the __________________ unconscious.
 Definition
Collective
Term
20. The _____________________, or perfect figure, symbolizes self-realization.
 Definition
Mandala
Term
21. Jung was _______________________ in his practice of psychotherapy, meaning that he used whatever techniques seemed suitable for a particular patient.
 Definition
Eclectic
Term
22. The notion of ________________________ has received more research emphasis than any other Jungian concept.
 Definition
Typology
Term
Klein suggested that the infant's first model for interpersonal relations was
 Definition
the mother's breast.
Term
One person psychoanalyzed by Melanie Klein was
 Definition
her son Erich.
Term
Klein had a bitter rivalry with
 Definition
Anna Freud. her daughter Melitta.
Term
Compared with Freudian theory, object relations theory
 Definition
places more emphasis on interpersonal relations.
Term
The person or part of a person that satisfies the aim of an instinct is called
 Definition
the object.
Term
Like Freud, Klein believed that people are motivated by
 Definition
the death instinct.
Term
Klein's two basic psychological positions are
 Definition
the paranoid-schizoid and the depressive.
Term
In order to control the good breast and to fight off its persecutors, infants use
 Definition
the paranoid-schizoid position.
Term
Klein believed that feelings of anxiety about losing a loved object and a sense of guilt for desiring to destroy that object were part of
 Definition
the depressive position.
Term
Klein's psychic defense mechanisms
 Definition
protect the ego against anxiety aroused by destructive fantasies.
Term
protect the ego against anxiety aroused by destructive fantasies.
 Definition
splitting
Term
Compared to Freud, Klein believed that the superego
 Definition
is much more harsh and cruel.
Term
Klein believed that at the end of a successfully resolved Oedipus complex, a girl
 Definition
will develop positive feelings toward both parents.
Term
Klein believed that a girl fantasizes that her father's penis feeds the mother with babies during this period.
 Definition
oedipal
Term
This object relations theorist spent much time observing normal babies as they bonded with their mothers during the first 3 years of life.
 Definition
Margaret Mahler
Term
Mahler's principal concern was with
 Definition
the psychological birth of the child.
Term
During the separation-individuation stage, Mahler claimed, children begin to
 Definition
develop feelings of personal identity.
Term
Kohut was most interested in the
 Definition
process by which the self evolves.
Term
According to Kohut, the needs to exhibit the grandiose self and the idealized parent image are called
 Definition
d. narcissistic needs.
Term
To Kernberg, this is the key to understanding adult personality.
 Definition
the early mother-child relationship
Term
Kernberg was MOST concerned with
 Definition
internalized object relationships.
Term
Bowlby's theory assumes that
 Definition
the mother-child bonding becomes a model for the child's future friendships.
Term
According to Bowlby, protest is the first stage of
 Definition
separation anxiety.
Term
Research by Alan Sroufe and his colleagues found that securely attached children tend to be
 Definition
dependent on their mother.
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