Term
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Definition
| neuro dysfxn 2º to brain insult (before, during, or shortly after birth) |
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Term
| CP: progressive or non-progressive? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Types of CP classification |
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Definition
| area of body, type of mvmt, severity, GMFCS (gross motor fxn classification system) |
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Term
| CP classification: area of body |
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Definition
| monoplegia, hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia |
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Term
| CP classification: type of mvmt |
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Definition
| spastic, hypotonic, dyskinesia, athetosis, ataxia |
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Term
| CP classification: severity |
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Definition
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Term
| CP classification: gross motor function classification system |
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Definition
| age categorized; levels I-V; level I = indep; level V = much difficulty controlling mvmt |
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Term
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Definition
| involves 1 limb; usually UE (typically seen by OT) |
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Term
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Definition
| L or R side; typically walk unassisted (walker is difficult) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Spastic CP (description; lesion) |
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Definition
| stiffness c attempted mvmt; 2º to specific lesion: damage in M1/white matter projections |
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Term
| Hypotonic CP (description; lesion) |
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Definition
| ↓ mm tone at rest, ↓ ability to generate voluntary mm force; NOT related to specific lesion in brain |
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Term
| Dyskinetic CP (description; lesion) |
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Definition
| intermittent mm tension; involuntary mvmt patterns; 2º to damage to basal ganglia |
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Term
| Athetotic CP (description; lesion) |
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Definition
| slow writhing mvmt; typical of HANDS/FEET; 2º to damage to basal ganglia; sometimes results from kernicterus |
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Term
| Ataxic CP (description; lesion) |
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Definition
| general instability of mvmt during VOLITIONAL mvmt; 2º to cerebellar lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| not clear; 2º to ∆s in prenatal brain development |
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Term
| Causes of CP in full-term babies |
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Definition
| meconium asphyxiation; intrauterine infection/inflamation/drugs; congenital brain anomalies |
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Term
| Prevalence of CP in full-term babies |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors/causes: maternal |
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Definition
| irregular menstruation; long or short time btwn babies; older dad/sperm; low social class (poor prenatal care); previous fetal deaths; intellectual disability; thyroid disease |
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Term
| CP risk factors: prenatal |
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Definition
| pre-eclampsia (↑ risk for CVA); preterm delivery; birth defects; IUGR |
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Term
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Definition
| maternal ingestion of toxins (drugs); MCA infarct (stroke in-utero); maternal infection in 1st/2nd trimester |
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Term
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Definition
| **length of gestation**; long labor; premature separation of placenta; meconium-stained fluid; neonatal seizures; respiratory disease; SGA; low placental weight; low APGAR scores |
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Term
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Definition
| delayed motor milestones WITH abnormal tone; neuro-imaging demonstrating brain ∆s (MRI, US; may be negative) |
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Term
| Complications of diagnosing CP |
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Definition
| plasticity of brain; healing within 1st year (mild CP @ 2yo >> 55% CP @ 5yo; mod-severe CP @ 2yo >> 100% CP @ 5yo) |
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Term
| Single systems affected by CP |
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Definition
| muscular system, skeletal system |
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Term
| Impairments of mm system from CP |
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Definition
| insufficient force generation; tone |
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Term
| Clonus: more or less noticeable in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale: 0 |
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Definition
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale: 1 |
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Definition
| slight ↑ in tone; catch & release or min resistance at end of ROM |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale: 1+ |
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Definition
| slight ↑ in tone; catch + min resist throughout remainder of ROM |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale: 2 |
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Definition
| more marked ↑ in tone throughout ROM |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale: 3 |
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Definition
| considerable ↑ in tone; PROM difficult |
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Term
| Modified Ashworth Scale: 4 |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypo-extensibiilty of mm = |
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Definition
| mm offers resist to passive stretch at shorter length than expected |
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Term
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Definition
| mm does not allow jt to move through normal ROM |
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Term
| Most common sites of contracture |
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Definition
| shoulder addrs, elbow, wrist, finger flexors, hip flexors/addrs, knee flexors, ankle PFrs |
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Term
| Common contractures in spastic diplegic CP |
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Definition
| hip flexors/addrs, knee flexors, ankle PFrs |
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Term
| Impairments of skeletal system from CP |
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Definition
| abnormal WB >> malalignment of spine/extremities; low force generation, tone, dysreflexia >> non-optimal skeletal modeling before ossification |
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Term
| Multi-system impairments from CP |
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Definition
| poor selective mm control; poor anticipatory regulation; ↓ ability to learn unique mvmt; poor sensory awareness |
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Term
| Poor selective control of mm activity = |
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Definition
| inappropriate sequencing; co-activation during attempted mvmt |
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Term
| Poor anticipatory regulation |
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Definition
| stabilizing contraction interrupted by synergistic/antagonistic mm activity |
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Term
| ↓ ability to learn unique mvmt is 2º to… |
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Definition
| neural wiring altered from typical kids; motor memory is impaired (per MRI) |
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Term
| Specific effects of CP: cervical spine |
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Definition
| capital ext, excessive ext, ↓ head control >> compromised interaction c environment; BOTH hypertonic & hypotonic kids |
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Term
| Specific effects of CP: thoracic spine |
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Definition
| kyphosis; hypertonic 2º to tight hamstrings, hypotonic 2º to gravity |
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Term
| Specific effects of CP: lumbar spine |
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Definition
| lordosis; ↑ hip flex 2º to tight hamstrings; ant pelvic tilt; gait compromised |
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Term
| Specific effects of CP: spine scoliosis |
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Definition
| quadriparesis >> abnormal mm tone, pelvic obliquity, windswept hips |
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Term
| Direction of scoliosis in CP |
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Definition
| convexity AWAY from dislocated hip; pelvis raised on side of dislocated hip |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Specific effects of CP: hip |
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Definition
| ↑ femoral anteversion (in-toeing); ↑ acetabular index (femoral head not fully covered); ↑ angle of inclination |
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Term
| Dominating tone at hip in CP |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| partial hip √, hip add+IR, knee /, PF |
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Term
| Hypotonic hip contracture |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypertonic hip contracture |
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Definition
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Term
| Knee flexion deformity 2º to… |
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Definition
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Term
| Knee recurvatum deformity 2º to… |
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Definition
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Term
| Internal tibial torsion 2º to… |
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Definition
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Term
| External tibial torsion 2º to… |
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Definition
| compensation for femoral anteversion |
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Term
| Knee valgus deformity 2º to… |
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Definition
| hip add/IR & anteversion >> external tibial torsion & ankle pronation (LOW TONE) |
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Term
| Knee varus deformity 2º to… |
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Definition
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Term
| Ankle PF deformity 2º to… |
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Definition
| ↑ tone; persistence of primitive reflexes |
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Term
| Anikle DF deformity 2º to… |
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Definition
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Term
| Reflexes absent at ankle 2º to CP |
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Definition
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Term
| Lack of foot arch development 2º to… |
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Definition
| bracing >> lack of intrinsic mm utilization |
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Term
| CP Px: determined by whom? |
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Definition
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Term
| GMFCS Level V reach 90% of motor potential by age… |
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Definition
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Term
| GMFCS Level I reach 90% of motor potential by age… |
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Definition
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Term
| Best predictor of ambulation in CP kids: |
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Definition
| indep sitting by 24 mos (head control by 12 mos) |
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