Term
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Definition
| Logical, step-by-step approach to decision-making with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences |
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Term
| Assumptions of rational decision making (5) |
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Definition
1.Outcome will be completely rational
2.Decision maker can be consistent
3.Decision maker is aware of every alternative
4.Decision maker can calculate a probability of success
5.Decision maker removes emotion from the decision |
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Term
| Problems with rational decision making |
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Definition
| Humans can't know everything, impossible to exclude emotion all the time |
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Term
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Definition
| Suggests that there are limits to how rational a decision maker can be |
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Term
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Definition
| Shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to continue to support or commit resources to a failing course of action |
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Term
| How to avoid escalation of commitment |
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Definition
Split responsibility for decisions
Provide people with an opportunity for a graceful exit |
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Term
| Why do we commit escalation of commitment? |
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Definition
| Dislike inconsistency, don't like thinking we're wrong, overly optimistic, illusion of control, sunk costs |
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Term
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Definition
Verbal
sequential
temporal
logical
analytic
rational
western |
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Term
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Definition
Nonverbal
spatial
analogical
intuitive
creative
eastern |
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Term
| Factors that influence decision making (3) |
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Definition
Comfort with risk--costs vs. benefits
Cognitive style--S vs. N
Personality/attitudes/values--External vs. internal
Intuition
Creativity |
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Term
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Definition
| Fast, positive force in decision making, certain level of expertise needed |
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Term
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Definition
| Novel and useful ideas, influenced by individual and organizational factors |
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Term
| Ways to illicit creativity (3) |
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Definition
Reward creativity with incentives
Allow people to make mistakes
Make the work environment more fun/creative |
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Term
| Advantages of group decision making |
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Definition
| Increased acceptance of and commitment to the decision, greater understanding of the decision, more knowledge and information through the pooling of group resources |
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Term
| Disadvantages of group decision making |
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Definition
| Amount of time, pressure in group to conform, domination of the group by a forceful member |
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Term
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Definition
| Deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgement resulting from pressures within the group |
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Term
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Definition
1)Group is making a highly consequential decision
2)Time constraints
3)Self-censorship--people don't want to voice their opinion in a large group
4)Illusion of unanimity--we believe that we've come to a consensus as a group even if we haven't
5)Illusions of group morality--believe if the group makes a decision then it must be moral/ethical |
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Term
| How to prevent groupthink (4) |
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Definition
1)Have leader avoid stating opinion
2)Create subgroups to work independently
3)Bring in an outside expert
4)Appoint a devil's advocate |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency for group discussion to produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members |
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Term
| What is in direct competition with groupthink? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faces with any demand |
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Term
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Definition
| Person or event that triggers the stress response |
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Term
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Definition
| Adverse, psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequences that may arise as a result of stressful events |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiological response, blood redirected to brain, increased alertness; moves us from defensive position to offensive position |
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Term
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Definition
Largest category and source of stress;
Change and lack of control
Career progress
New technologies
temporal pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Across different roles (being a professor and conducting research) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Something goes against your beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| Not knowing what your role is |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Emotional toxins, sexual harassment, poor leadership |
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Term
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Definition
| Can't keep people from having these |
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Term
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Definition
| Family expectations, child rearing/day care arrangements, parental care |
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Term
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Definition
| Workaholism, civic and volunteer work, traumatic events |
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Term
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Definition
| As stress goes up, performance goes up to a point, then goes down (bell curve) |
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Term
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Definition
| Medical illness--heart disease, strokes, headaches |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance abuse, violence |
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Term
| Work-related psychological disorders |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Participation problems, tardiness, absenteeism, quitting, mental health days |
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Term
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Definition
| Person breaks down at his or her weakest point |
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Term
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Definition
Lethal aspect-heart problems
Competitiveness, achievement, social status insecurity, aggression, hostility, time urgency |
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Term
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Definition
| Much easier to get along with and deal with, less stressed at work, less likely to have heart problems |
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Term
| What is the hallmark of Type A behavior? |
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Definition
| Polyphasic thought and action (trying to do more than one thing at a time) |
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Term
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Definition
| Personality resistant to distress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Internal locus of control |
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Term
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Definition
| Way of managing stressful events by changing them into less subjectively stressful events |
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Term
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Definition
| Passive avoidance of events and decreased interaction with the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Healthy, secure, interdependent pattern of behavior related to how people form and maintain supportive attachment with others |
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Term
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Definition
| Unhealthy, insecure pattern of behavior that leads to preoccupied attempts to achieve security through relationships |
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Term
| Primary prevention for stress management |
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Definition
| Reduces, modifies or eliminates the demand or stressor; directly deals with stressor (ex:time management) |
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Term
| Secondary prevention for stress management |
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Definition
| Alters or modifies the individual's or the organization's response to a demand or stressor; deals with the results of stress (ex:physical exercise, diet) |
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Term
| Tertiary prevention for stress management |
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Definition
| Heals individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain (ex: seeking professional help) |
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Term
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Definition
| All the things you can control, you can help as a manager |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased worker control reduces distress and strain without reducing productivity |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases task motivation while reducing role conflict and ambiguity |
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Term
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Definition
| Team building provides social support |
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Term
| Comprehensive health promotion |
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Definition
| Teach prevention and lifestyle change (workout facilities, counselors, rewards for working out, weight loss) |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows individuals to modify their work roles |
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