Term
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Definition
| Amount of time it takes to break down parent isotope to daugheter isotope |
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Term
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Definition
-Younger layers are decomposited on older layers
___________ -Younger Layer 2nd
____________ - Older layer 1st |
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Term
| Principle of origional Horzontially |
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Definition
When you deposit material you wil deposit in a horozontal plane
_______
_______
________ |
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Term
| Principle of Crosscutting Relationships |
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Definition
| C is younger than b which is younger than a |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Homogenous
- Natural
- Definite Chemical Composition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Froms by nautral processes |
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Term
| Definite Chemical Composition |
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Definition
Consist of one or more chemical elements
(in specific porportions) |
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Term
| Orderly Internal Structure |
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Definition
Atoms are aranged in a systematic way
(the same in every simple of that particular mineral) |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains its shape reguarless of containor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
an orderly internal structure
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Term
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Definition
| single continous solid, in which the atoms ions or molecules are pakced, regular, ordered pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| They have flat surfaces or crystal faces the outward or the internal structure. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Solidification of a melt
2. Precipitation from a solution
3. Solid State Diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
Freezing of a liquid
--> Water to Ice
When magma or lava cools, it "freezes" to produce crystals |
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Term
| Precipitation from a solution |
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Definition
Salt Crystals from Water
Clogged Coffee Pot |
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Term
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Definition
| Slow movement of atoms through a solid |
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Term
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Definition
| Slow movement of atoms thorugh a solid |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical compound whose atoms are arranged in very orderly geometric patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| Smalles part of a chemcial element that can take part ina chemical recation |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance cmposed of identical atoms that can't be seperated into different substances |
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Term
| 4 Types of Chemical Bonds |
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Definition
1. Covalent BOnds
2. Ionic BOnds
3. Vander Waals Bonds
4. Metalic Bond |
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Term
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Definition
- Very Strong
(Diamond)
- Groups of atoms share electrons (hard to break) |
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Term
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Definition
Moderatelly strong ( halite) opposite charged ions attract each other
Solluable in water |
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Term
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Definition
WEAK (graphite)
weak attraction between sheets of bonded ions
(pieces of paper)
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Term
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Definition
Strong (gold)
-Electrons shared by all atoms in the solid making them malleable and electrically conductive. |
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Term
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Definition
Different minderal
Identical chemical composition
Different Bonds |
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Term
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Definition
(SiO4)4
Makes up 98% by weight of the earths crust |
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Term
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Definition
| 60% of Earths Crust is Silica |
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Term
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Definition
Quartz
Feldspar
Mica
Ferromagnesian Silicates |
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Term
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Definition
SiO2
Resists weathering, common in sand |
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Term
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Definition
60% of earths crust
most abundant crystal rock forming minerals
Feldspar weathers to clay |
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Term
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Definition
| Translucent or dark sheets |
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Term
| Ferromagnesian Sillicates |
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Definition
| Olivine (mantle) prozene dmphibole, These are unstable at the Earths surface and weather easily |
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Term
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Definition
CaCo3
Calcium carbonate- limestone
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Term
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Definition
Minerals of a singel element
gold
Silver
Copper |
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Term
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Definition
| A rock is a coherent naturally occuring aggregate of one or more minerals or mass of glass. |
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Term
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Definition
a collection of crystals or grain
Grains are fragments of crystals of another rock
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Term
| Clastic or detrital rocks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cemented grains
Minerals precepitate from water between the grains and "glue" them together |
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Term
| What are Crystalline Rocks |
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Definition
Interlocking crystals
Crystillization |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Igneous Rocks
2. Sedimentary Rocks
3. Metamorphic Rocks |
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Term
|
Definition
ANYTHING THAT COOLS
-Crystallize from Magma/Lava
IF it crystalize from anything thats melted |
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Term
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Definition
Cemented Together
Lithified bits of pre-existing rocks/minerals of precipated out of solution |
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Term
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Definition
DONT MELT
created when submitted ot heat or preasure created when pre-exisitn rocks change due to HEAT AND PRESSURE |
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Term
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Definition
- Volcanic rock
1. Texture
2. Compostion
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Term
|
Definition
Crystal Size
How fast magma/lava cooled
1. Phaneritic
2. APhanitic
3. Intermediate
4. Glassy
5. Vesicular
6. Phyroclastic |
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Term
|
Definition
Can you see crystals
Slow cooling
you can see all the crystals present
(granite) |
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Term
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Definition
Cant see crystals (fast cooling)
basalt @ surface |
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Term
| Intermediate (Porpheritic) |
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Definition
| Crystals See some crystals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
75% Silica
Granite
Ryolite
Yellowstone |
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Term
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Definition
60% Silica
Diorite
Andisite
Cascade Mts
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Term
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Definition
45% Silica
Gabbro
Basalt
Hawaii |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Large scale underground magma that is cooled
Bulk of the magma never comes out!!!
Sierra Navadas
Yosemite |
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Term
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Definition
| Between existing layers or rock |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Lava Flows
Prycolastics or tuff
ash |
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Term
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Definition
(granite)
Strong, resistant to erosian good for foundation and building |
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Term
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Definition
Columnar jointing
Lava tubes and volds
can cause energering problems |
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Term
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Definition
Soft and Weak
"bentonite" clay = unstable
Example--> kitty litter |
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Term
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Definition
Cemented grains or clasts (pre-existing rock)
Sand Stone, Salt pan, Sand |
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Term
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Definition
Sedimentary rocks record the surface
Enviortment condition at the time of sediment deposition
(landScape, climate, energy)
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Term
| Sedimentary Classification |
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Definition
1. Deltrital/Clastic
2. Chemical |
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Term
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Definition
Bits of pre-existing rocks that are glued together
Limestone !!!!! |
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Term
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Definition
Organic orgin or percipitation
You have to have H20
1. Weather Erosian
2. Transport Deposition
3. Lifhification |
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Term
Detrital/Clastic
Classify by size or grains |
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Definition
2mm-----. conglomerate and Breccia
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Term
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Definition
2mm Grains should be rounded
CIRCLE |
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Term
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Definition
| Edges are rough and jagged |
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Term
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Definition
What you originally start with
Limestone---> marble
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Term
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Definition
Heat & Pressure
1. Foliated
2. Non Foliated |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Molton Material
Lava Outside
Magma Inside
Ascent indensity driven
2. Cooling & Crystalizing
Temp goes down
3. Igneous Rock
Crystaline
4. Erosian& Weathering
-Transported
-Deposited
5. Sedimentary Rocks
Composed of sediments and substance percipitated from water
6. Metamorphic Rock
Crystaline
7 MELT and back to the beginning |
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Term
| The primary difference between the lithospher and the asthenospher is |
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Definition
| The lithosphere is a rigit solid and the asthensopshere is a weak (plastic) solid |
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Term
| Alfred Wegner is famous for his theory of _____ which was the precursor to the plate tectonics |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ Cooler, Older oceanic lithosphere sink into the mantle at? |
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Definition
| Subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries |
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Term
| What is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectopnic theory |
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Definition
| Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time |
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Term
| Two Distinct minerals may have the same chemical formula. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a lawy of relative age dating? |
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Definition
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Term
| Granite has a phaneretic texture and forms as intrusive rock. The aphanitic textured(typically extrusive) equivalent of granite is? |
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Definition
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Term
| High temperature-low pressure metamporhism occurs where??? |
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Definition
| Where magma comes in contact with shalow country rock |
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Term
| Breccia consists of angular clasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common chemical sedimentary rock is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Andesite is most likely to be found associate with what? |
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Definition
| Convergent plate boundaries |
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Term
| Examples of non foliated metamporhic rock include ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two componets make up Glassy Material |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Phaneritic
Porporetic
Aphanetic
Glassy |
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Term
|
Definition
Felsic
Intermediate
Mafic |
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Term
| Where is Andesite and Diorite found |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is Gabbro and Basalt found |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The greater the magnitude the less it happens |
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Term
|
Definition
| Probability X consequences |
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