Term
| Blood Pressure (equation) |
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Definition
BP = Cardiac Output (CO) * Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
BP = CO * SVR |
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Term
| SVR and Contributing Factors |
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Definition
SVR is the resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
vascular diameter: inverse relationship
viscosity: direct relationship |
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Term
| True or False: a person's average blood pressure can be changed during a reasonable hospital stay |
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Definition
| False, changing a person's average blood pressure is a life-long endeavour |
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Term
Destination of blood pumped from the:
a) left ventricle
b) right ventricle |
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Definition
a) systemic tissue
b) pulmonary tissue |
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Term
| Trace a drop of blood from the right atrium to the left ventricle |
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Definition
RA--> tricuspid valve--> right ventricle--> pulmonic valve--> pulmonary artery--> lung tissue--> pulmonary vein--> left atrium--> bicuspid valve (mitral valve)--> LV
"Tri it before you bi it" |
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Term
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Definition
The pumping stage of the heart beat.
S1
LUB
Closing of the ventricular valves
coincides with carotid pulse |
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Term
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Definition
Filling stage of heart beat.
S2
Dub
closing of circulatory valves |
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Term
| One listens to bruits with the ___ of the stethoscope since it picks up ___ pitched sounds |
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Definition
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Term
| One listens to heart sounds with the ___ of the stethoscope since it picks up ___ pitched sounds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Heart subjective data (SD) questions (previously learned terms) |
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Definition
| cyanosis, dyspnea, orthopnea, and nocturia |
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Term
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Definition
hypercholesterolemia (personal)
coronary artery disease & MI (Family) |
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Term
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Definition
Food, smoke, drink, exercise, drugs (compliance, OTC, illicit)
FEDDS |
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Term
| Which ethnic group is at highest risk for HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heart Health Risk Factors |
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Definition
i. Modifiable: Choleseterol, BP, drinking, obesity, smoking, type II DM, coping skills
ii. Non-modifiable: History, Age, etc |
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Term
| special heart consideration(s) for infants |
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Definition
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Term
| special heart consideration(s) for children |
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Definition
| i. Growth charts (milestones) |
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Term
| special heart consideration(s) for aging adults |
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Definition
known disease
meds (compliance) |
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Term
| special heart consideration(s) for pregnant women |
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Definition
| i. Increased cardiac output/volume decrease in pressure: r/t increase in systemic requirements, but not in volume |
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Term
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Definition
Palpation: one side at a time; feeling for thrills
Auscultation: exhales and holds it while you listen under jaw, at midcervical area, or at base of neck; listen for bruits |
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Term
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Definition
| "wooshing" sound, heard when listening to HEART |
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Term
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Definition
"wooshing" sound heard PERIPHERALLY
turbulence caused by atherosclerosis, aneurism, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
HOB @ ~45deg, pt turns head away, visualize double wave, measure with straight-edge & vertical ruler (placed on sternal angle)
normal <3 cm |
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Term
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Definition
| when liver is palpated JVP increases |
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Term
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Definition
| inspect the anterior face for heaves/lifts (pt is supine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Apex: feel the apical pulse, feel for thrill (vibration) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A PET Monkey
Aortic: LUB dub
Pulmonic: LUb dub
Erb's point: lub (MURMUR) dub
Tricuspid: lub dUB
Mitral: lub DUB |
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Term
| Pattern of Precordial Auscultation |
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Definition
| Z-pattern from base to apex |
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Term
| True or False: Arrhythmias are a sign of cardiac malady. |
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Definition
| True...ish; arrhythmias are common in young adults and children (physiologic condition, not disease) |
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Term
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Definition
S3: associated with (a/w) "U" on EKG, comes after S2; a/w heart fail-ure (3 syllables
S4: a/w "P" on EKG, comes before S1; a/w hy-per-ten-sion (4 syllables). |
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Term
| developmental concerns for the heart |
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Definition
| Children--physiologic conditions: S3, venous hum, innocent murmur; Aging--HTN, widening pulse pressure, orthostatic hypotension |
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Term
| pt reports pressure in chest, what's the nurse's next question, and why? |
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Definition
| Is it relieved by nitro? Yes: angina (temporary CP); No: MI (MONA!) |
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Term
| pt reports SOB, nurse's next question and rationale |
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Definition
| When/in what situation? Exertion: dyspnea from obstruction; when lying down: orthopnea; suddenly at night: PND |
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Term
| pt reports Dx of Heart Failure, nurse's next question and rationale |
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Definition
| what kind? Left-sided: pulmonary symptoms; Right-sided: systemic symptoms; Congestive: requires continuous professional care |
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Term
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Definition
| leg pain/discomfored/weakness that affects gait; releaved upon rest |
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Term
| Subjective Data: PV Medications (questions) |
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Definition
| New meds? Herbal? Any changes? Compliance. |
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Term
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Definition
| press on nail bed, measure time it takes for color to return (if not <2 secs) |
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Term
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Definition
| carotid (one at a time, all others simultaneous), brachial, radial, (femoral), popliteal, achilles, and dorsalis pedis; DOCUMENT 0-4+ |
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Term
| Modified Allen Test (procedure and indication) |
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Definition
| occlude both radial and ulnar arteries such that hand goes pale, release one and ensure refill, then repeat for other artery; must be positive before ART line |
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Term
| pt presents with assymetrical legs (one is more swollen than the other) |
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Definition
| could be cellulitis due to PVD |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure circumference of widest point, and distance from knee |
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Term
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Definition
| Screens for DVT: Compress calf into tibia, shouldn't hurt (high false positive) |
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Term
| Highest Risk Factor for DVT |
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Definition
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Term
| Weak/thready pulse indicates... |
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Definition
| ..a low CO (volume blood pumped/min) |
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Term
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Definition
1+ immediate rebound
2+ <10 seconds to rebound
3+ 10-20 seconds
$+ >20 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| tests for incompetent venous valves: compress deep vein near knee, feel above ankle for "waves;" positive for waves = incompetence |
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Term
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Definition
poor arterial perfusion to extremities
tested by raising feet 30 cm, until legs go pale, then letting them dangle
if pallor remains after 10 sec: insufficiency |
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Term
| chronic arterial insufficiency |
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Definition
| indicated by dependent rubor (legs only red when dangling); primary to claudication |
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Term
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Definition
| machine that detects very weak pulses (indicated by a wooshing sound) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ankle-Brachial Index: ratio of ankle systolic to brachial systolic, should be 1-1.2; 0.9 or lower indicates PAD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| arterial insufficiency: indicated by dry/cracked skin and nails, and abnormal hair loss |
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Term
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Definition
Chronic inflammorty disease leading to clots & blockage; indicated by necrosis of extremities
most common in men 20-40 |
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Term
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Definition
physical/emotional stress leads to an arteriospasm which leads the hands to look white, followed by relaxation (causing blood to return) which makes hands bluish
most common in women |
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Term
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Definition
| Limb swelling (common after mastectomy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Incompetent venous flow indicated by visibly swollen veins in the leg |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep vein thrombosis: blood clot preventing venous return causing severe edema |
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