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Exam 2
Chapter 6,7,8
264
Political Studies
Undergraduate 3
10/16/2012

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 


 

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Term
What type of government does the US practice?
Definition
Representative Democracy
Term
How is American government organized?
Definition
Geography
Term
Public Governance
Definition
New England town meetings, The underlying idea of the town meeting is that the legislative body consists of citizens, not their representatives. Those who come to town meetings act as the legislature
Term
Percent that run for offica
Definition
1%
Term
Influence is positively related to
Definition
Political Participation
Term
Participation rates are negatively related to
Definition
Participation costs
Term
You have more opportunity to shape policy as a
Definition
public official
Term
How many offices need to be filled every 2 years or so in America?
Definition
About 300,000
Term
Congress composed of:
Definition
100 Senators
435 Representatives
-elected by state or local districts
Term
How many state legislatures
Definition
7,382
-most for 2 year terms and elected by local districts
Term
How many city council, school board, community commission, and town or township board members elected
Definition
260,000+
Term
How many Americans theoretically could run for office in their lifetime
Definition
17 million
Term
Psychopathology of Politics
Definition
Candidates must see benefit beyond gratification for being civically active
Term
Safety Valve
Definition
To relieve the displeasure of people whose positions on issues are not supported or are ignored by government. You can seek to influence the decision by obtaining office.
Term
Direct forms of Participation
Definition
Protest
Rebellion
Assassination
Insurrection
Term
How many people involved in Vietnam War protests?
Definition
Less than 1%
Term
Public excess in democracy examples:
Definition
Shay's Rebellion
French Revolution
Term
Public Hearings by Standing Committees
Definition
within state legislature concerning possible new laws, such as permitting a state lottery, ore reforming workers' compensation
Term
Percent that has attempted to influence outcome of a government decision in their local community
Definition
28%
Term
Percent that has attempted to influence outcome of a government decisions on a national level
Definition
16%
Term
Percent claimed to have attended one political meeting in the last 3 years
Definition
19%
Term
Percent claimed to have worked with others in trying to solve some community problem
Definition
30%
Term
Percent who attend a school board meeting within the past year
Definition
10%
Term
Percent who have claimed to have written to an elected official
Definition
30%
Term
Voting
Definition
An aggregate action that is supposed to influence public policy. It is aggregate in the sense that only your individual vote plus many more accumulating to either a plurality or a simple majority are needed to accomplish anything
Term
Legislatures can voluntary what?
Definition
Refer a decision to the voting public
Term
Qualified indirect initiatives
Definition
require legislative approval before being scheduled for popular vote
Term
Initiative
Definition
People take an initiative to put a low on a ticket
Term
Referendum
Definition
Refer decision to the people "direct democracy"
Term
Initiative Petition
Definition
Signatures of enough voters, usually 3%-10% of the number voting for governor in the last election
Term
Qualified referendums and direct initiatives are automatically what?
Definition
Up for popular vote
Term
Roll Off
Definition
The declining vote from head of the ticket to the bottom
Term
Straw Polls
Definition
Non-binding advisory votes
Term
Most important thing state legislators do is
Definition
Kill bad bills
Term
Initiative Industry
Definition
Specializes in getting signatures on petitions and in spending great amounts of money to influence the outcome of referendums on initiatives
Term
Populist Initiative may actually give power to who?
Definition
The interest groups
Term
Active Involvement
Definition
gathering information and participating, being informed, and rationally supporting the candidate who best reflects one's personal positions are desirable, if difficult goals to achieve.
Term
Rational Activist Model
Definition
Having Active Involvement
Term
Unanticipated Issues
Definition
How you try and select a candidate
Term
Percent Votes Obama got
Definition
68% Electoral College
53% Popular Vote (131 million voters)
Term
Presidents who did not receive majority vote
Definition
Clinton and George W Bush
Term
When are most state public offices filled
Definition
November of even-numbered years
Term
How much does voting turnout drop in off-years
Definition
15 to 20 percent
Term
Percent of people who vote for the President
Definition
55%
Term
Percent of people who vote for Governors in off years
Definition
42%
Term
True turnout in local elections?
Definition
25%
Term
Turnout decline since 1972
Definition
A surge of non-citizens who cannot vote, also many states disenfranchised felons in prison as well as those released but still on parole
Term
Four factors for us voting less
Definition
Lack of party-group linkage
Registration Restrictions
Lack of penalties for failure to vote
Voter Exhaustion
Term
Party-Group Linkage
Definition
These are enduing and sharp correspondence between political parties and major segments of society
Term
Democrats usually represent
Definition
Working class
Term
Republicans usually represent
Definition
Middle Class
Term
Registration Restrictions
Definition
Most restrictive registration procedures of any democracy
Term
Motor Voter Act
Definition
1996- Allows voters in the act of changing their address on their license to change voting registration- spurred registration but few bothered to vote
Term
Penalties for Failure to Vote
Definition
Receiving a citation for failure to vote (Australia)
Term
Exhausted Voter Explanation
Definition
Are fatigued by the number of times they must go to the polls
-Can be asked to vote for as many as 100 officials in 4 year time
Term
Americans have 4 strikes against participation in elections
Definition
Our History (The Reform Movement)
Our Governmental Format (Federalism and many offices to fill)
Our Election Institutions (The Winner-Take-All format)
Term
Convenience-Voting Procedures
Definition
Mail voting
No-Excuse Absentee Voting
Early Voting
Election Day Registration
Term
At Large Election
Definition
Can cast as many votes as there are positions to be filled but can give each candidate only one vote
Term
Cumulative Election
Definition
Voters can give more than one of their votes to a single candidate
Term
Cumulative voting is supposed to improve what?
Definition
Chances of minorities gaining at least one seat, but there must be only one minority candidate for this to work
Term
26th Amendment
Definition
US citizens who are 18+ can vote, can vote in prelims at 17 if will be 18 on general election day
Term
Requirements to vote
Definition
Must be a citizen of US
Resident of the state (Except North Dakota)
Term
Two reasons people cannot vote
Definition
Once denied the vote to those convicted of a felony, even after they have served their sentence
Mentally ill and those protected by guardians
Term
The Building Where you Vote
Definition
Public Building
Campaigning illegal inside the building and 100 ft in every direction
Access to voting booth limited to registered voters and their young children
Talking discouraged
Vote should be private
Term
Office Block Ballots
Definition
The candidates for each office are grouped together
Term
Straight Ticket
Definition
Voting for all candidates in one political party, regardless of inconveniences
Term
Party Column Ballot
Definition
A column of Democrats running for each office side by side with one for Republicans
Term
Non-Partisan Elections
Definition
Over 90% of local elections and many elections of state judges
- ballots do not list political party
Term
Past Voting Requirments
Definition
White
Free Citizen
Property
Females Excluded
Poll Tax
Literacy Tests
Understanding the State Constitution
No Blacks
Term
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Definition
Disallowed literacy and constitutional understanding as qualifications
Property Requirement was dropped (in early 1800s)
Duration of Residency Unconstitutional
Term
Off-year Elections
Definition
President is not on the Ballot
Term
Researchers face 3 hurdles when studying how the general public is involved in politics
Definition
Must only study samples
Can only study people who are willing to be studied
Wording of questions can impact answers
Term
Gallup Poll
Definition
Predicted 13 of last 17 elections
Right about 75% of time
Term
Percent unwilling to be polled
Definition
40%, makes it not random
Term
Partisan Loyalty
Definition
A standing committee or willingness to vote for only one political party
Term
"Minimal Effects Model" of Mass Media
Definition
The entire Presidential Election Campaign has a minimal effect
Term
Rational-Activist
Definition
ideas of how democratic voters should vote
Term
Independents is last election supported who more?
Definition
Obama by 8%
Term
Which party votes more?
Definition
Republicans
Term
Who determines the winner?
Definition
Independents and Partisans who vote against their party
Term
Where is the real election won?
Definition
The state level through the Electoral College
Term
Most Democratic states
Definition
Massachusetts
New York
Maryland
Term
Most Republican states
Definition
Utah
Nebraska
Term
Earlier years the Southern states tended to vote
Definition
Democratic
Term
When does Party Allegiance occur?
Definition
Before Issues and candidates in given election come into focus
Term
Republican issues
Definition
To oppose more services and spending
Term
Democratic Issues
Definition
They want more services and spending
Term
What is most important in Presidential Elections?
Definition
Party Identification
Term
Incumbency Advantage
Definition
93.7% of incumbents seeking reelection were reelected, mostly in the House
Term
Reasons for Incumbency Advantage
Definition
Visibility of holding office
Established Campaign Organization
Opportunities to raise funds for next election campaign
Term
Low Sailence
Definition
Not involving of concern, or of much interest
Term
Political Party Indentification
Definition
Offers shortcuts to picking candidates that are not irresponsible
Term
High Election turnouts in what states?
Definition
Rural Northern States: The Dakotas, Minnesota and Montana
Term
Electoral Competition
Definition
May cause more voter turnout if election is close
Term
Legitamacy
Definition
Is the psychological attitude that one must voluntarily obey decisions made by proper officials. Officials are proper if they are elected in fair contests opened to all qualified citizens
Term
Benefit of higher voter turnout
Definition
Better correspondence between public opinion and public policy
Term
Factions
Definition
Political Parties and Interest Groups
Term
Federalists
Definition
Drafters of the new federal Constitution in 1787 shared an interest in getting it ratified
Term
Modern Complex Society almost...
Definition
Demands many organized interests, perhaps many thousands at state level and even hundreds local politics
Term
Interest Groups
Definition
Organize such interests to exert their influence to get their interests best reflected in public policy
Term
Who does not benefit from organizing?
Definition
Small segments of society with no resources other than their votes achieve little or nothing by organizing
Term
Legislative Organization
Definition
One reason for political parties is to organize within the legislative body to pass laws
Term
Electoral Organization
Definition
Party activities concerned with appealing to voters and contesting and winning contests for office
Term
Purpose of the Jeffersonian Republicans
Definition
Was to resist the centralization of government advocated by the Federalists
Term
Jeffersonian Republicans
Definition
Second US political party, but the first to organize both to win elections and within the halls of government
Provided the prototype for modern government
Term
Modern Democratic roots
Definition
Jeffersonian Republicans
Term
What are today's political parties derived from?
Definition
Events in our history
Parties become successful by articulating basic ideas that lead to electoral success
Term
Areas that sought to ratify the constitution
Definition
Areas of commerce, mostly seaports such as Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore
Term
Who opposed the Constitution?
Definition
Inland areas, farmers who provided everything for their families
Term
What divided the country into a Democratic South and a Republican North
Definition
Deaths and emotions associated with the Civil War and the Reconstruction that followed
Term
Machines in the North technically called themselves what?
Definition
Democrats (unrelated)
Term
What did machine supporters focus on
Definition
Local issues
Term
Roosevelt's New Deal did what to the political parties?
Definition
Being a Democrat meant being a supporter of the New Deal
Term
Republicans were initially opposed to what?
Definition
The New Deal and civil rights
Term
What led to people moving from North to South and vise versa
Definition
Mobility of America after the war
Persuasiveness of mass media
Term
Black approved of what party
Definition
Democratic because they supported the New Deal
Term
Why did many Republicans move to the South?
Definition
South's cheap, nonunion labor attracted northern industry and many Republicans moved along with their companies
Term
What greatly altered the chances of the Republican in the South
Definition
Northerners now living in the South
Young voters less emotionally attached
Term
What has the news media done to our politics?
Definition
Nationalized them
Term
Duality
Definition
We face only one such divisive issue at a time
-New Constitution
-Slavery and states rights
-Federal efforts to safeguard us against economic cycles
-Civil Rights
Term
How many states have close contests?
Definition
~15
Term
Who did the Jeffersonian Republicans become and who did they face
Definition
They became the Democrats and faced
-Federalists
-Whigs
-Republicans
Term
Another reason for our duality
Definition
Winner take all, single member districts
Term
Primary Elections
Definition
Reason for only 2 parties
-third parties can only get on the ballot by exceptional means
Term
Party Identification
Definition
Contributes to 2 party system
-Fewer than 18% refuse to associate themselves with a party
Term
Nearly all 2 party democracies are...
Definition
Anglo
Term
What could be a possible reason for Anglo's influencing the two-party system
Definition
The reduced influence of the Roman Catholic church
Term
Reasons for two-party system
Definition
Historical Reasons
Structural Barriers
Party Identification
Term
Do states regulate political parties
Definition
YES
-traced to the reform efforts to undo urban machienes
Term
State laws regulating political parties are of 5 types
Definition
1) defining membership, typically as being registered as a Democrat or as a Republican
2)Defining a formal party organization and its selection, including a state party chairman and central committee with some limited responsibilities
3)Allowing access to the state election ballot or denying it if the party lacks popular support
4)Providing procedures for nominating candidates and holding primaries
5)Restricting campaign financing or providing public funds
Term
States have weakened political parties by allowing
Definition
Primary elections
Term
Legislative Caucuses
Definition
Elected state legislators would pick people to fill the seats, giving people little say
Term
Party Conventions
Definition
Replaced caucuses to give average party members more say in candidate selection
Term
Primary Elections
Definition
allow the public a say, but at the expense of not allowing the most active and engaged party members to pick its candidates
Term
Non-Partisan Blanket Primary
Definition
Louisiana
-No primary elections
-Candidates who win majority in early elections win office
-top 2 finishers run against each other in a second election
Term
Top-Two System
Definition
Washington
-Choose 2 candidates who will face off in general election (party does not matter)-based off primaries
Term
Two elements to differentiate party primary systems
Definition
1) When voters choose which party's primary to vote in
2)Whether the choice is public or private
Term
Closed Primary System
Definition
Voters register by party in advance of the primary election, and this information is public
-13 states
Term
Open Primary System
Definition
Voters choose which major party's primary to vote in at the time
-9 states
Term
Mixed Primary Systems
Definition
These have other combinations of when choices are made and whether choices are public or private
-21 states
Term
Those who vote in one's primary are not allowed to
Definition
vote in other parties' runoff elections
Term
Open and Top Two primaries encourage
Definition
partisans of one party to vote in oppositions party's primary
Term
British party system
Definition
Labor and Conservative
-clear choice
-responsible party system
Term
Responsible Party System
Definition
Select candidates upholding those stands or party position, educate the public on those positions, remove officeholders who do not uphold those positions, and organize themselves within the halls of government to enact those positions into law
Term
Balanced Slate of candidates
Definition
combining Jewish, Irish, Hispanic, or whatever candidates needed to attract the votes for all groups to assure victory
Term
New-style politics
Definition
focuses on using television, dropping the person-to-person contact between party workers and voters and appealing for party unity
Term
First to successfully use new-style politics
Definition
JFK
Term
Going Negative
Definition
Negative campaigning, more common and more effective
Term
Swift Boating
Definition
Swift Boat Veterans were so successful in questioning and criticizing Senator John Kerry's military service in the 2004 election
Term
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
Definition
Candidates were required to identify themselves and say in audio ads and appear and say in video ads they approved the communication
Term
Branding
Definition
Branding of Political Parties has become more important
Term
Large Scale Transfers of funds from the national committee
Definition
have played a key role in implementing national campaign strategies through state and local parties
Term
Decline in Partisanship in the Electorate
Definition
further evidence of decline is US political parties
Term
Activity of Political Parties include:
Definition
Raising Money
Conducting Local Registration Drives
Other Campaigning Efforts
Term
Organization is a result of
Definition
Competition
Term
Larger tax burdens is related to
Definition
Greater Democratic control
Term
Fewer restrictions on abortions is related to
Definition
Greater Democratic control
Term
Most Significant Contemporary Social Welfare program
Definition
Temporary Aid for Needy Families (TANF)
Term
Is there a correlation to partisan control and policies
Definition
Not really
Term
Measures of Competition
Definition
Vote won by the Democratic gubernatorial candidate
The division of which party controls the legislative houses and the governorship
Duration of one's party control
Term
Weakening of political parties may increase
Definition
interest group strength
Term
Most useful for pressure groups
Definition
Money
Enthusiasm
Term
Two thing of paramount important for interest groups (specifically lobbyists)
Definition
Recognition
Access
Term
Informants
Definition
Informed Persons living in each state
Term
Interest groups over represent who?
Definition
Wealthy
Better Educated
White
Males
Businesses
Term
Most effective interest group in most states
Definition
Public school teachers
-National Education Association
-chambers of commerce
-bankers' association
-manufacturers' groups
Term
Bribe
Definition
Interest groups can not legally bribe officials
Term
Interest groups can
Definition
Contribute to the campaign
Term
Registration
Definition
Many states require registration by interest groups
-Membership
-Budget
-Officers of organization
Term
Publicly Financed Campaigns
Definition
Reduce the temptation of pressure groups campaign funds
Term
Campaign Expenditures Limits
Definition
Would restrict how much money candidates could spend in election campaigns
-pressure groups effectiveness could be cut
-Unconstitutional
Term
PACs
Definition
Political Action Committees, required to register with the government
-forbidden from making their own adds supporting candidates
-Often provide a majority of funds to a candidate (usually incumbent)
Term
Soft Money
Definition
Allows candidates and organization to bypass a lot of these limits
Term
Who have the weakest interest groups?
Definition
Midwest
Northeast
Term
Interest groups perceived to be the most influential
Definition
General Businesses
Schoolteachers
Utility Interests
Term
States with stronger interest groups have
Definition
Lower tax burdens
Term
Relationship between TANF and interest groups is
Definition
Negative and Strong
Term
Greatest Concern about Interest Groups
Definition
Buy Representatives with their campaign contributions and thereby shape public policy to their satisfaction
Term
National Institute on Money in State Politics and The Center for Responsive Politics
Definition
These organizations are greatly concerned with this and compile political campaign contribution data both at national and state levels
Term
Correlation between per capita contributions and state and local expenditures
Definition
Positive
Term
Relationship between contributions and Interest groups
Definition
None
Term
Party of the poor
Definition
Democratic Party
Term
Things associated with Municipal Government
Definition
Police
Fire Protection
Street Construction and Maintenance
Sewage
Term
Things cities provide
Definition
Drinkable Water
Electricity
Garbage Disposal
Term
Some cities provide these extra services
Definition
Poor Aided with food and healthcare and are provided with public housing at low rents
Hospitals
Parks and recreation
Airports
Streetlights, sidewalks
Libraries
Term
Most complex level of government
Definition
Local government
Term
How many local governments?
Definition
89,500
Term
County Government
Definition
Oldest local government
-All states have county governments except Rhode Island and Connecticut
-Provide limited government services
-Maintaining property records, providing public health care and maintaining roads in rural areas
-combines functions of both executive and legislative branches
Term
How man counties?
Definition
3,033 counties
Term
Where does most Local Government Expenditures go?
Definition
Education
Term
Municipal government
Definition
Relatively old form of government adopted from England
Term
Mayor/Council
Definition
Oldest form of municipal government
-Division between legislative and executive branches
-Checks and Balances are copies of English municipal governments?
-Mayor heads executive branch
-City Council heads the legislative branch
Term
Strong Mayors
Definition
Budget Making and Veto Power
Term
Weak Mayors
Definition
Personality, political influence through organized politics, and other informal powers can be more important than formal powers
Term
Strong mayor/council employs what?
Definition
Checks and Balances
Term
What check is not present in the checks and balances system at a local level?
Definition
The check of the second legislative chamber on excesses of the first is not present in our cities
Term
Policy-making by Competition
Definition
Best policies are ones that meet approval of both the executive and legislative branches
Term
Mayor council form
Definition
38% cities use this, most common in cities with population 250,000+
Term
Council/Manager
Definition
Form of municipal government that copies almost all US school governance
-Majority in cities less than 250,000 bu 25,000+
-No partisan way to provide services
-Should be professional rather than partisan
Term
Cities with managers
Definition
-Have mayors with few powers
-Mayor is more symbolic
-Two unlabeled political parties form, one supportive of the manager and one opposed
Term
Town Meetings and Representative Town Meetings
Definition
Forms of Municipal government are used in less than 4%
-Almost all in New England
-Direct citizen participation
-Eligible citizens who attend meetings act as the legislative body
-Mayor moderates town meetings
Term
Commission
Definition
Municipal form of government that originated in Galveston after a major hurricane
-combined both executive and legislative roles into one role-the city commission
-identical to county commission
-Cooperation
-Don't really work
Term
Independent School Districts
Definition
13,051
Term
Special Districts
Definition
Continue to increase
-provide limited services, such as fire protection, mosquito abatement, soil conservation, public transit, water supply and recreation
-Treated as a confederacy with multiple municipalities to form a central government only to provide special services
Term
Ward Heelers
Definition
In exchange for their votes to get elected, they provided services the residents needed
-beginning of urban machines
Term
Reform Movement
Definition
Those who lost power to the immigrant-based machines fought back by forcing cities to reform
-Disables machines and returned power to the "proper" persons
Term
Secret Ballot
Definition
Only lawful way to cast a vote
-Comprehensive ballot printed by government was wed to marking ballots secretly, no one could know how people voted
Term
Non-partisan elections
Definition
Not identifiable by a party label
Term
Merit System
Definition
Selecting public employees based on their competence and qualifications for the job
Term
Strong Mayor-Part of Reform Movement
Definition
Empowered to fill many positions by appointment
-major role in taxing and spending decisions
Term
Short Ballot Reform
Definition
Fewer officials, so ballot would be shorter
Term
At-Large Elections
Definition
City Council members to be elected from city-wide elections in which all could cast a vote
-Guaranteed blacks won no election, denied all minorities
Term
District Elections
Definition
These were forced on city councils and on school boards
-Improved minority representation
Term
Other things that reduced the influence of the machines
Definition
You had to register to vote as well as be a citizen
Term
Dillon's rule
Definition
Notion of cities as the creations of their state governments
Term
Home Rule
Definition
A state legislative act specifying that Dillon's rule does not apply to a particular city. The city is authorized to shape its government form and to provide municipal services within the limits of state laws as it sees fit, without getting approval of the legislature
Term
Long-term graduated Repayment Mortgage
Definition
Made is possible for more to own homes
Term
Incorporation
Definition
Most states provide for easy organization of such areas as new municipalities
Term
Annexation
Definition
Older Municipalities of Urban Concentrations around them should not annex (discouraged)
Term
Fragmented Government
Definition
Numerous but insufficiently large governments in suburban areas
-Inadequate Municipal Services provided at high expense
Term
How does Texas allow Annexaion
Definition
Simple majority vote of city council
Term
City/Council Consolidation
Definition
Most of these fragmented municipal governments and the central city that they surrounded were in a single county, which made county government more like one big municipality
Term
Impediments to Consolidation
Definition
-Racial Integration
-Unwillingness of suburban residents to see their tax money paying for central city facilities
-General hostility toward the centrsl city
Term
Special Districts
Definition
Suburban municipalities join to provide water, sewer, recreation, or transit district services, they have the scale to deal with the problem financially
Term
Do city council members get payed?
Definition
Little or no pay
Term
City Council Volunteers
Definition
Seldom face electoral challenge and who are unlikely to feel any obligation to constituents
Term
Elite
Definition
Those who think they act primarily in their own personal self-interest rather than in the public's interest
Term
Open Cities
Definition
Give public ample opportunity to shape decisions
Term
Closed Communities
Definition
Allow only a select few to make decisions that influence all
Term
Research Problem
Definition
Identifying and measuring which outsiders have access, make input, and have influence
Term
Reputational Method
Definition
Ask Informants which individuals influenced decisions or who had the reputation for having power and influence
Term
Hierarchy of Power
Definition
A few in the top stratum having great influence and wealth, the elite, and many at the bottom having little of either, the masses
-Public officeholders and the mayor towards the bottom
Term
Top stratum of hierarchy composed of who?
Definition
Businessmen
Term
Stratificationists
Definition
Concept of social strata
Term
Decisional Technique
Definition
Investigate hoe decisions are made through newspaper accounts and interviews
-all resulted in hierarchy
Term
Competition Among Elites
Definition
Happens with multiple hierarchies
-
Term
Take up the Slack
Definition
By becoming more active if they were dissatisfied with one or more of the governing elites
Term
Non-decisions
Definition
The study of decisions rather than the reputation for influence has been criticized as ignoring the non-decisions
Term
Pluralist Perspective
Definition
Idea of balance between those ideologically involved and those indifferent
Term
Authoritarian Personality
Definition
Conceived as responsible for Nazi growth
Term
Authoritarian Personality
Definition
Conceived as responsible for Nazi growth
Term
Authoritarian Personality
Definition
Conceived as responsible for Nazi growth
Term
View of participation
Definition
Pluralists see no good coming of it
Stratificationists see improved electorate
Term
View of participation
Definition
Pluralists see no good coming of it
Stratificationists see improved electorate
Term
View of participation
Definition
Pluralists see no good coming of it
Stratificationists see improved electorate
Term
South Characteristics
Definition
Poor
Traditionalistic
Uncompetitive
and Democratic (until recently)
Term
South Characteristics
Definition
Poor
Traditionalistic
Uncompetitive
and Democratic (until recently)
Term
South Characteristics
Definition
Poor
Traditionalistic
Uncompetitive
and Democratic (until recently)
Term
Richest cities
Definition
Washington DC
New York
Term
Richest cities
Definition
Washington DC
New York
Term
Richest cities
Definition
Washington DC
New York
Term
Poorest cities
Definition
El Paso
Las Vegas
Term
Poorest cities
Definition
El Paso
Las Vegas
Term
Poorest cities
Definition
El Paso
Las Vegas
Term
Our state comparisons are made possible by compilations from
Definition
Bureau of the Census and by the Council of State Governments
Term
The Grassroots of Democracy
Definition
Comparative study of many cities selected at random
Term
Authoritarian Personality
Definition
Conceived as responsible for Nazi growth
Term
View of participation
Definition
Pluralists see no good coming of it
Stratificationists see improved electorate
Term
South Characteristics
Definition
Poor
Traditionalistic
Uncompetitive
and Democratic (until recently)
Term
Richest cities
Definition
Washington DC
New York
Term
Poorest cities
Definition
El Paso
Las Vegas
Term
Our state comparisons are made possible by compilations from
Definition
Bureau of the Census and by the Council of State Governments
Term
The Grassroots of Democracy
Definition
Comparative study of many cities selected at random
Term
Two city forms
Definition
City manager
Mayor Council
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