Term
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Definition
| overstimulation of adrenal corticoids |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenal corticoids insufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues
--Named for organ or type of cell where they start |
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Term
| Cancers that result in most deaths |
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Definition
1--Lung cancer
2--Gender specific cancers
3--Colon |
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Term
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Definition
IDs extent of disease
TNM system: Tumor size; Nodes; Metastases |
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Term
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Definition
Determines how closely tumor cells resemble normal cells
-Higher grade = more aggressive
G1 = very well differentiated
G4 = undifferentiated |
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Term
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Definition
| 1-Surgery; 2-Radiation Therapy; 3-Chemotherapy; 4-Biotherapy |
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Term
| Characteristics of Neoplastic Cells |
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Definition
1-persistent proliferation
2-angiogenesis
3-invasive growth
4-formation of metastases
5-immortality |
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Term
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Definition
the process of deterioration with age
--each cell has only so many divisions before apoptosis |
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Term
| cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes |
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Definition
inactive cell cycle regulators
--activate when bound to cyclin to turn on a phase of the cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Gap 0 (G0)
Gap 1 (G1)
Synthesis
Gap 2 (G2)
Mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
resting or dormant phase of cell cycle
--cancer cells can hide here
--no cellular division here |
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Term
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Definition
| cell cycle phase of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA replication in cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
premitotic or post-synthetic phase of cell cycle
-prepares for mitotic spindle formation |
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Term
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Definition
cellular division
--shortest but most active phase of cell cycle |
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Term
| growth fraction in chemotherapy |
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Definition
GF is the ratio of proliferating cells to the total number of cells
-higher GF = increased response to chemo but more destruction |
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Term
| Parts of body with high growth fraction |
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Definition
| 1-bone marrow; 2-skin; 3-hair follicles; 4-sperm; 5-GI tract |
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Term
| Normal function of oncogenes |
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Definition
cell growth and gene transcription
--In cancer, oncogenes are agonized = allows uncontrolled growth |
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Term
| Normal function of tumor suppressor genes |
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Definition
DNA repair, cell cycle control and cell death
--In cancer, TSG are inactivated |
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Term
| Strategies for achieving maximal benefits from chemotherapy through combo therapy |
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Definition
1-suppression of drug resistance
2-increased cancer cell kill--more drugs, but less of each
3-reduced injury to normal cells |
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Term
| Strategies for achieving maximal benefits from chemotherapy through optimizing dosing schedules |
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Definition
1-consistent, repetitive dosing
2-allow for enough time for normal cells to recover but not enough time for cancer cells to recover |
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Term
| alkylating chemo agents (2) |
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Definition
1-nitrogen mustards
2-nitrosoureas |
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Term
| Antimetabolitic chemo agents (4) |
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Definition
1-folic acid analogs
2-pyrimidine analogs
3-purine analogs
4-hypomethylating agents |
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Term
| Major Classifications of Cytotoxic Chemo Agents (5) |
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Definition
1-Alkylating agents
2-Antimetabolites
3-Platinum Compounds
4-Antitumor Antibiotics
5-Mitotic Inhibitors |
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Term
| Antitumor chemo agents (2) |
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Definition
1-Anthracyclines
2-Non-anthracyclines |
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Term
| Mitotic Inhibitor chemo agents (3) |
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Definition
1-Vinca alkaloids
2-Taxanes
3-Topoisomerase inhibitors |
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Term
| Physiological vs pharmacological effects of glucocorticoid drugs |
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Definition
| Physiological effect is achieved via low doses to maintain what the body cannot do on its own. Pharmacological effect is achieved via high doses to suppress the immune system and inflammation. |
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Term
| Function of the adrenal cortex |
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Definition
Negative feedback loop that secretes hormones in response to ACTH stimulation
-ie. cortisol, aldosterone, adrogens |
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Term
| Negative feedback loop of adrenal cortex (HPA axis) |
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Definition
| Stressors in the body trigger hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland. Anterior pituitary releases ACTH that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release specific hormones. Once the stressor is turned off, the feedback loop stops. |
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Term
| Effects of glucocorticoids on the body |
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Definition
1-Metabolism: inc sugars; inc fat breakdown; dec protein synthesis
2-CV: maintains HR, BP
3-GU: H2O and Na+ retention |
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Term
| How are the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoids different than other drugs? |
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Definition
1-receptors are on the inside of cells
2-Modulate the production of regulatory proteins directly rather than through signaling pathways |
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Term
| Drug interactions with glucocorticoids |
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Definition
1-K+ loss--diuretics
2-NSAIDs
3-Insulin or other hypoglycemics
4-Vaccines |
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Term
| Adverse effects of glucocorticoids |
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Definition
| 1-adrenal insufficiency; 2-infection; 3-fractures/osteoporosis; 4-glucose intolerance; 5-myopathy; 6-fluid and electrolyte imbalances; 7-growth retardation; 8-psychological disturbances; 9-cataracts/glaucoma; 10-peptic ulcer disease; 11-iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome |
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Term
| Contraindications of Glucocorticoids |
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Definition
1-systemic fungal infections
2-Live virus vaccines
3-Pregnancy/breast-feeding |
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Term
| Signs of Cushing's syndrome |
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Definition
| 1-moon face; 2-puffy eyelids; 3-edema in feet; 4-increased bruising; 5-dizziness; 6-bleeding; 7-menstrual irregularities |
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Term
| Signs of Cushing's syndrome |
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Definition
| 1-moon face; 2-puffy eyelids; 3-edema in feet; 4-increased bruising; 5-dizziness; 6-bleeding; 7-menstrual irregularities |
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Term
| Anti-inflammatory agents from most severe to least severe |
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Definition
1-glucocorticoids: prednisone IV/PO; fluticasone inhaler; fluticasone nasal
2-leukotriene modifiers: montelukast |
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Term
| Short-acting beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
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Definition
| bronchodilator--Albuterol |
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Term
| long-acting beta 2 adrenergic agonist |
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Definition
two components:
1-bronchodilator (Albuterol)
2-anti-cholinergic (ipratropium) OR steroid (fluticasone) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1-vasodilation
2-increased capillary permeability
3-bronchoconstriction
4-CNS effects |
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Term
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Definition
| secretion of gastric acid |
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Term
| Principle mediators in anaphylaxis |
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Definition
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Term
| Drug of choice for anaphylaxis treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA in Histamine H1 Antagonists |
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Definition
1-compete with histamine for receptor sites preventing histamine response
2-Smooth muscle constriction
3-Decrease nasopharyngeal, GI and bronchial secretions |
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