Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pop growth will continue to decrease, but base pop. will still grow at 800 million in each of the next 3 decades
age structure will change, fewer children born and more elderly
will alter causes and patterns of death
at about midcentury pop is expected to reach max of 8-10 billion
if follows pattern of Europe, pop may begin to decrease as fertility rates fall below mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Progression from high to low mortality and fertility in most economically developed countries.
leads to transformed age structure
FIRST mortality declines while fertility is still at insanely high levels
^ natural increase (diff b/w births and deaths) accelerates
causes increase in emigration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. life expectancy < 35. high death rates: infectious disease
2. low death rate (infectious disease is handled by using antibodies and vaccines)
3. degenerative disease is main cause of death. life expectancy extends to 65.
4. same except for life expectancy extends to 70. infant mortality is extremely low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. no individual migration. circulation for market purposes
2. rural to urban migration: agriculture frontiers
international migration: europe -> usa
3. less international migration. less rural to urban. complex circulation, boarding schools.
4. migration specialized - urban to urban immigration is significant. retirement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traditional diets of ---- and fibers to vegetarian diets |
|
|
Term
| Early US cities life expectancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Damage to environment
good for health --- ? |
|
|
Term
| Malaysia Resettlement to Jungle - Federal Land Development Authority |
|
Definition
oil
changing ---- rules, no shade, no fresh produce |
|
|
Term
| Affluence Aggravating Malnutrition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Impact of Urbanization on Health |
|
Definition
Positive health indicators like health services, sewage systems, vaccines, birth control, antibiotics
----, ---- - less developed. breeding grounds for disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| urban sprawl into farmland |
|
|
Term
| Dengue Fever (Hemorrhagic) |
|
Definition
south east asia. children mosquito transmitted.
causes aches and rashes |
|
|
Term
| Land Use Changes and Rodents |
|
Definition
| increased urbanization = increased rodents carry disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by exceptionally activated spring in Arizona / New Mexico
increase of mice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
similar to ebola
acute viral hemorrhagic fever
born in Lassa, Nigeria
asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outbreak in Zaire caused by infected ----. vector is fruit bat |
|
|
Term
| Impact of Global Warming on Health |
|
Definition
tropical disease affecting higher latitudes
rising |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of interactions between atmospheric --- and living organisms |
|
|
Term
| Electromagnetic Radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kills bacteria and viruses, wavelengths 234 µm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation
254 nanometers (10^-6 m) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 24 hour rhythms, include sleep, body ----, hormones, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
light sensitivity can affect disorder
sleeping problems in the elderly can influence disorder
as well as difficulties adjusting to changes in longitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pineal gland
serotonin = morning
melatonin = night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process in which an individual organism adjusts to a gradual change in its environment (temperature, humidity, photoperiod, or pH),
allowing it to maintain performance across a range of environmental conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by UVR, wind, thunderstorms
inbalance in charge of atoms or molecules
positive ions: lack electrons - suicides, infections
negative ions: extra electrons - migraines, infections
impact on pH of blood, makes blood more acidic (7+ alkaline) |
|
|
Term
| Seasonality of Disease - Past / Present |
|
Definition
summer: cholera, malaria, yellow fever
winter: flu, strokes, colds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in temperate conditions: winter (dry season)
in tropical conditions: summer (wet season)
flu survives in dry
dry nasal & throat membranes = easier virus penetration
less UVR
higher base metabolism more susceptible to flu
many people inside with close contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
US: Aug - Sept. PEAK
Jan - Feb mini peak
summer conception is less common b/c heat
- sperm are extremely sensitive to heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contamination harmful in significant quantities
AIR
WATER
LAND
NOISE |
|
|
Term
| Naturally Occurring Toxins |
|
Definition
substances dangerous in small quantities
radon
dioxin (from forest fires)
fungi
arsenic
etc |
|
|
Term
| Human Synthesized Organophosphates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
retards growth of red blood cells
retards copper in nervous system
- neurological implications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not as harmful as indoor, but still harmful
carbon monoxide (CO) stops O2 delivery to body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O3
good when in stratosphere
BAD WHEN IN ATMOSPHERE
NOX and VOCs turn into ozone in high heat
is an irritant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
volatile organic compounds
fumes from gasoline
cleaner
& paint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nitrogen oxides (NO2)
natural product of high temp explosions
cars and trucks produce these |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
little pieces of dust, sand, salt, etc.
<10 µm (.000001 m) (10^-6 m)
< 2.5 µm are the most dangerous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sulfur dioxide
-coal burning power plants (scrubbers)
- irritant
- acid rain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extremely harmful
things such as cigarettes
actual harm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mainly in mid-west/south >26% of pop
surrounding states >24%
west <20% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
worlds most polluted city
and most industrial city
coal-burning city
being in that air for 1 day equivalent to 5 packs a day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wave of leukemia in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the soot over asia specifically india and china
20 % less sun prior to industrial era
5% reduction in rice yield
340,000 additional deaths over 5 years
economic impact: 82 billion per year drag
may be slowing global warming bc brown clouds reflect more heat than trap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1800s bacterial and viral contamination
still a concern |
|
|
Term
| Change Since Days of Early Industry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In Japan 1950s
Methyl mercury in the water
affected the fish (big source of their protein)
caused horrible acne for people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
~571,000 underground storage tanks
store petroleum & other hazardous material
greatest threat is leaking of groundwater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stochastic and non-stochastic health effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Landfills' Impact on Health |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hearing impairment, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, and sleep disturbance.
Changes in the immune system and birth defects have been attributed to noise exposure.
induce tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, and other cardiovascular adverse effects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
