Term
|
Definition
| a later visual stimulus can dramatically affect the perception of an earlier one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| illusory movement that occurs when perception makes inferences when viewing a series of static pictures in rapid succession, as in a movie |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the failure to notice changes in visual stimuli (e.g., photographs) when those changes occur during a saccade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a Gestalt grouping principle that is used by visual perception to close up gaps in a percept to help identify a whole object |
|
|
Term
| conceptually driven processing |
|
Definition
| context and higher-level knowledge influence lower-level processes; top-down processing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theoretical and computational approach applied to understanding the ways in which human cognition might perform its mental operations. The connections in a connectionist network are pathways. Network pathways exist both within and between levels of the network |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the influence of surrounding information and your own knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the masking or loss of information caused by subsequent presentation of another stimulus; usually in sensory memory (e.g., when the contents of visual sensory memory are degraded by subsequent visual stimuli, the loss of the original information); a specific kind of interference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theoretical approach, most commonly in pattern recognition. Stimuli (patterns) are identified by breaking them into constituent features |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a Gestalt grouping principle that is used by visual perception to segregate what part of the percept corresponds to an object, and what corresponds to the background behind it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in visual perception, the pause during which the eye is almost stationary and is taking in visual information; also, the visual point on which the eyes focus during the fixation pause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neisser’s (1976) term for the mental process of focused visual attention, such as a mental redirection of attention; visual attention. Important for transfer to short-term memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the highly sensitive region of the retina responsible for precise, focused vision. Most of the fovea is cones, and most of the cones lie in the small area of the retina at the foveal pit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| geometric ions, from Biederman’s recognition-by-components model of human object recognition; geometric components that a visual object might be broken down into for the purpose of representation (and thus recognition) within the visual information system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an overall pattern, form, configuration, or percept. (Note: the term carries with it the assumption that decomposing a pattern into its components in some way loses the essential wholeness of the cohesive pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a Gestalt grouping principle that is used by visual perception to structure and organize together elements based on edges and trajectories so that a visually simple solution is obtained. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : the level between the input and hidden units in a simple three-level connectionist model. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the visual image that resides in iconic (visual sensory) memory; “snapshot.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as a result of directing attention elsewhere, failing to see an object even if looking directly at it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forgetting caused by the effects of intervening stimulation or mental processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the level analogous to the receptors in a simple three-level connectionist model. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an effect, often in perception experiments, in which a mask or pattern is presented very shortly after a stimulus and disrupts or even prevents the perception of the earlier stimulus (see also erasure). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in sensory memory research, the advantage in recall of the last few items in a list when those items have been presented orally rather than visually. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the level at which the input pattern has been categorized in a simple three-level connectionist model. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whimsical feature-detection model of pattern recognition (letter detection). (Selfridge) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only the cued item or items are to be reported (e.g., Sperling used partial report to study iconic memory). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of interpreting and understanding sensory information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| illusory movement that occurs when perception makes inferences when viewing a series of adjacent images, as with blinking lights on a theater marquee |
|
|
Term
| precategorical acoustic storage |
|
Definition
| Crowder’s (1972) term for auditory sensory memory; called precategorical because categorization implies recognition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sounds of speech are not invariant from one time to the next (they change depending on preceding and following sounds) yet humans understand spoken language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a Gestalt grouping principle that is used by visual perception to structure and organize together elements of a visual input that are nearer to one another in space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to not perceive a pattern, whether a word, picture, or other visual stimulus, when it is quickly repeated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| back of the eye; contains the sensory apparatus for vision (rods and cones). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the eye sweeps from one point to another in fast (jerky) movements; the voluntary sweeping of the eyes from one fixation point to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reception of stimulation from the environment and the initial encoding of that stimulation into the nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the initial mental storage system for sensory stimuli. There are presumably as many modalities of sensory memory as there are kinds of stimulation we can sense. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a Gestalt grouping principle that is used by visual perception to structure and organize together elements of a visual input that have similar visual features, such as texture, color, brightness, and so forth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of individual items that can be heard (or seen) and immediately recalled. A common memory task on intelligence tests. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stored model of a categorizable pattern. In theories of pattern recognition, a template is the pattern stored in memory against which incoming stimuli are compared to recognize the incoming patterns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure used to investigate echoic memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memory in visual perception that occurs across eye movements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the apparent persistence of a visual stimulus beyond its physical duration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary visual buffer that holds visual information for brief periods (250-500 ms) of time. The visual sensory register. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| report all items. Compare to partial report (report some items). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recognition by components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Darwin, turbey, and crowder |
|
Definition
| three-eared man procedure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| implanted electrodes provide support for feature detection |
|
|
Term
| McClelland and rummelhart |
|
Definition
| connectionist account of word recognition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the effect of context; echoic and iconic memory; focal attention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iconic memory; whole vs. partial report |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phonemic restoration effect (conceptually-driven processing) |
|
|
