Term
| The first life on Earth evolved about ____ years ago. |
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Definition
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Term
| Autotrophic organisms get their energy from: |
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Definition
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Term
| The early atmosphere of Earth lacked: |
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Definition
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Term
| The Tree of Life is made up of three domains: |
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Definition
| Archea, Bacteria, Eukarya |
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Term
| As tectonic plates shifted, they influenced evolution by: |
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Definition
| Habitat expansion: less competition, Habitat contraction: more competition |
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Term
| Scientific names are used instead of common names because: |
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Definition
| common names can be confusing and misleading. Scientific names only one correct name for each species and classification code governs naming of species. |
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Term
| Linnaeus named a plant "Siegesbeckia" in order to: |
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Definition
Johann seigesbeck was critical of Linnaeus for saying that plants reproduced sexually. Plant is a weed that grows in mud & smells bad.
It was considered ugly |
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Term
| Specialized, membrane-bound structures within cells are known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| The cell nucleus functions as the _____ of a factory. |
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Definition
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Term
| Every eukaryotic cell has the following three structure similarities |
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Definition
1. Surrounded by semi-permeable membrane (selective filter)
2. All cells use the same physical structures to build proteins (organelles)
3. Information stored as DNA. |
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Term
| One of the functions of a vacuole in a plant cells is to: |
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Definition
Fills with water and some organic compounds cells.
Pressure from water expands
Allows cells to grow
Keeps plants from wilting |
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Term
| One of the key elements of the Cell Theory is: |
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Definition
Every cell originates from another cell.
All living organisms are made of one or more cells
Cells are the basic functional unit. |
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Term
| Some prokaryotic cells are "anaerobic" referring to their: |
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Definition
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Term
| Smaller cells tend to have more____ than larger cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is true of eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
Evolutionary advanced organisms
Genetic material packaged as a unit
Has nucleus
Genetic material linear |
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Term
| The cell cycle produces identical cells by: |
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Definition
| Asexual Reproduction. Cell Divides by Mitosis |
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Term
| How do cancer cells differ from normal cells? |
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Definition
| Cancer cells are out of control, dividing continuously. Most cells divide 20-50 times before they die. |
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Term
| A typical cell cycle in humans takes about: |
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Definition
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Term
| Two identical chromosomes are: |
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Definition
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Term
| Mitosis in plants differs from animals due to: |
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Definition
| The formation of a cell plate, which becomes the new cell wall |
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Term
| The process of mitosis results in: |
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Definition
| 4 new cells, each with ½ as many chromosomes. |
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Term
| Two ways genetic variation is produced during meiosis: |
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Definition
| Crossing over mixes genes, and chromosomes are randomly assorted. |
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Term
| The haploid part of the human life cycle is called: |
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Definition
| Fertilization-sperm cells (in the male)and egg cells (in the female) |
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Term
| The universal form of energy in all living cells is: |
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Definition
ATP: adenosine triphosphate
related to nucleic acids → build DNA |
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Term
| Moving protons (H+) from one side of a membrane to the other requires: |
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Definition
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Term
| The lifespan of a lipid bilayer in membranes is generally: |
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Definition
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Term
| The endosymbiotic hypothesis proposes that: |
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Definition
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts began as independent organisms, but developed a mutualistic relationship and eventually become a part of a cell. |
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Term
| The primary function of mitochondria is to: |
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Definition
| Break down fats and sugars to produce ATP |
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Term
| Which of the following are examples of kinetic energy: |
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Definition
Wind: movement of air
Flowing river: movement of water |
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Term
| The second law of thermodynamics tells us that: |
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Definition
Energy is never created or destroyed, but is converted from one form to another
(that’s the first law) when energy changes from one form to another, some becomes heat The second law is that all systems tend toward disorder or randomness and energy is required to maintain order. |
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Term
| As “energy organelles” plant cells have: |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ are needed to catalyze biological reactions to speed them up |
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Definition
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Term
| All living matter contain the following elements: |
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Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
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Term
| ____ is released when chemical bonds are ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| All the major macromolecules consist of monomers except: |
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Definition
| Fats, phospholipids, waxes, steroids |
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Term
| All organic molecules contain ____ atoms. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ are the smallest unit of matter & contain these three particles: |
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Definition
Atoms
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons |
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Term
| Which of the following is an important property of water? |
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Definition
Liquid over a large temperature range.
Less dense when it freezes.
Moderates temperature.
Good solvent |
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Term
| Macromolecules built from nucleotides are known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Photosynthesis is comprised of ____ & ____ reactions. |
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Definition
The light reaction: light-dependent reaction that occurs in thylakoid membranes
The dark reaction: light-independent reaction that occurs in stroma |
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Term
| Both photosynthesis & respiration occur in which of the following Kingdoms? |
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Definition
| Plantae, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria |
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Term
| The oxygen in the atmosphere originally came from ____? |
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Definition
| cyanobacteria or blue-green algae that conducted photosynthesis with water, sunshine, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen |
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Term
| Sugars are produced in plants by combining ____ from the air & ____ from the soil. |
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Definition
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Term
| During respiration NADH is a(n) ____ & used as a source of protein to make ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The complete breakdown of glucose leaves what three molecules left? |
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Definition
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Term
| How efficient is breaking down glucose thru the process of respiration? |
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Definition
| Breaking down glucose with respiration is efficient because aerobic respiration uses oxygen, which is a strong oxidant. |
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Term
| Where in the cell does respiration occur? |
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Definition
| It starts off in the cytoplasm with glycolysis, then moves to the mitochondria where the rest of respiration occurs |
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Term
| In which Kingdom do Viruses belong? |
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Definition
| Viruses do not belong to any kingdom because they are considered to be not alive |
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Term
| Viruses are composed of ____ & ____ |
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Definition
A core genetic material (DNA or RNA)
And a protective coat called capsid |
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Term
| ____ are viruses that attack bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| HIV infection attacks ____. |
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Definition
| T-cells which are crucial to the immune system |
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Term
| By 2010, which countries are most serious affected by AIDS? |
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Definition
| Ethiopia, Nigeria, Russia, China, and India |
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Term
| Which of the following human diseases is not caused by viruses? |
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Definition
| Tuberculosis, cholera, bubonic plague, gonorrhea, tetanus, acne, etc. |
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Term
| The deadliest flu in modern history was: |
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Definition
| The deadliest flu was in 1918 Spanish Flu |
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Term
| Vaccines are difficult to make against viral diseases because: |
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Definition
| The protein coat around a virus can rapidly mutate to protect itself |
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Term
| A problem with the development of a vaccine against the Bird Flu virus: |
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Definition
| Mutation (Rapid), kills chicken embryos, and vaccines (grown in eggs). |
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Term
| In the movie, what epidemic did Dr. John Snow prevent in 1854 in London? |
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Definition
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Term
| What strain of virus causes the Bird Flu? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were young children the first casualties of the Bird Flu in Thailand? |
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Definition
| They were usually the ones plucking the chicken |
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Term
| Where did the Bird Flu come from? |
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Definition
| The bird flu came from a flu that is normally communicable only between wild birds that mutated to infect chickens, and then mutated to infect humans |
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Term
| What percentage of the people who catch the Bird Flu die from it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following might be effective in preventing the Bird Flu from becoming a pandemic? |
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Definition
| By isolating anyone with symptoms or who may have been exposed to the infection |
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Term
| Vaccines for the Bird Flu Virus are made by inoculating ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes are important because: |
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Definition
| Nitrogen Fixation (Fixes nitrogen into a form plants can use). |
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Term
| The oldest organisms are found in these kingdoms: |
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Definition
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Term
| Azolla & its associated cyanobacteria have what type of relationship? |
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Definition
| They have a symbiotic relationship (nitrogen fixing) |
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Term
| Red tides result from large numbers of these organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are diseases caused by members of the Kingdom Protista: |
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Definition
| Malaria (Sporozoa), sleeping sickness (Mastigophora), and Intestinal Disease (Gonorrhea). |
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Term
| How does the Kingdom Protista differ from the other single-celled Kingdoms? |
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Definition
| They have unrelated organism and a huge number of individuals |
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Term
| The White Cliffs of Dover are made up of: |
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Definition
| Foram (Microscopic Shells). |
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Term
| Which Kingdom is made up entirely of unrelated organisms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beer & wine are fermented by which fungal division? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is true of pollination? |
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Definition
| Transfer (pollen/ male gamete to ovule eggs) (occurs by wind, water and animals). |
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Term
| Mycorrhizal associations in plant roots: |
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Definition
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Term
| All the divisions in this Kingdom end in “mycota” |
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Definition
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Term
| Modern terrestrial plants evolved from which aquatic ancestor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is true about Fungi Imperfecti? |
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Definition
| Unknown (Sexual reproduction), and unrelated (to one another). |
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Term
| The first land plants probably looked very similar to plants in this group: |
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Definition
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Term
| For plants to make the transition to survive on land required |
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Definition
| Water (containment; roots and transport system) and reproduction (sexual; pollination) |
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Term
| The evolution of “cephalization” led to the development of |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the only asymmetrical phylum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which phylum was the first to have a true circulatory system |
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Definition
| Annelids (Annelida, segmented worms). |
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Term
| Oxygen, carbon dioxide & nutrients are distributed in flatworms by |
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Definition
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Term
| A key evolutionary development in phylum Nematoda was: |
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Definition
| (Separate) anus (and) mouth. |
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Term
| Which group of animals has tube feet |
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Definition
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Term
| The animal phylum with the most species is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are functions of the coelom? |
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Definition
| Skeleton, circulation (fluids, blood), internal organs (lungs, heart, etc). |
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