Term
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Definition
| helps drain fluid from ear |
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Term
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Definition
| outter ear that collects sound waves & funnels them into ear |
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Term
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Definition
the instrument that measures frequency that people can hear at;
utilizes pure tone (1 frequency); giving subject with pure tone starting at dB & awaiting a response to measure at which dB the subject is able to hear the frequency |
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Term
| When sound waves are collected through the pinna, the middle ear what do those sound waves turn into? |
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Definition
| they go through the air, funnel through the ear, turn into electrical impulses which the brain interprets. |
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Term
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Definition
| when an object vibrates, a series of pressure waves with fluctuations below & above normal air pressure will simulate the vibratory pattern, the back & forth motions of the object. -fluctuating pressure changes |
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Term
| put yourself in position of student with hearing loss in gen. edu. not deaf but hard of hearing. As special edu. teacher what 2 supports would I provide that child with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| strength of a sound is measured in terms of how much pressure varies above & below normal atmospheric pressure |
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Term
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Definition
rate an object vibrates
slower the cycle of vibrations, farther apart the sound waves are spaced
-wavelength always increases as its frequency decreases
-shorter wavelengths characterized by rapid vibratory rates-higher pitched sounds; measured cycles per second(cps) or Hz |
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Term
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Definition
| strength of sound waves emanating from object that's moved or been set into vibration; measured in dB |
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Term
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Definition
| some frequencies beyond our ability to hear; localizing sound can be difficult |
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Term
| Sound-threshold of hearing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
3 steps:
1. atmospheric pressure changes are converted into vibrations
2. these vibrations are enhanced into stronger vibrations
3. these vibrations are converted into electrical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| happens on consonants/vowels? |
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Term
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Definition
| outer ear-collects air pressure fluctuations & channels them through external ear canal to the eardrum |
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Term
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Definition
| ear drum vibrates & the pressure fluctuations are changed in vibratory patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| cavity within the mastoid bone on the side of the skull & is about the size of thimble |
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Term
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Definition
| attached to stapes & is a membrane filled with fluid and shaped like a coiled snail shell. Movement of inner ear fluid across the nerve endings converts the vibrations into electrical impulses. The nerve endings converge with the auditory nerve to deliver the electrical impulses to the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains normal atmospheric pressure within the middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
malleus, incus and stapes
ossicles bones act as a system of levers to enhance vibratory energy |
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Term
| How do we understand what we hear? |
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Definition
brain interprets patterns of electrical impulses delivered from each cochlea;
meaning attached to sounds of our environment is learned. |
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Term
Conductive Hearing Loss
Mild/Moderate Hearing Loss |
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Definition
any obstruction in the transmission of sound from the external ear to the inner ear
-caused by OTITIS MEDIA (middle ear infection);these infections affect Eustachian tube function causing middle ear pressure to be less than adequate. Also, fluid build up in the cavity which can be painful. |
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Term
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Moderate/Severe Hearing Loss |
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Definition
disorders caused by problems in cochlea/cochlear nerve.
-cannot be cured w/ Rx/surgery
-causes can be congenital or by trauma |
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Term
| Central Auditory Processing |
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Definition
-difficulty understanding information received due to pathologies o the brainstem or hearing centers of the brain
-can hear sounds, but difficulty interpreting sounds |
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Term
| Auditory Processing Disorder |
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Definition
-difficulty understanding words in noise
-difficulty following sequences of words
-difficulty understanding multi syllabic words |
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Term
Example of Auditory Processing Disorder
-Visual & Kinesthetic Learners |
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Definition
Teacher: "conduct an orderly analysis of samples extracted from organisms in Atlantic and Pacific Oceans"
You Hear: "Conductor analysis of samples exactly from organisms in Atlantic on specific notions" |
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Term
| Classroom implications of Hearing Loss/disorders |
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Definition
-difficult listening when background noise present, localizing sounds, following directions & attending
-similar sounding words often confused & some individuals experience sensitivity to specific sounds
-processing & comprehension of new vocab words/info spoken too quickly/in noisy environment is difficult, so individuals may often respond w/ vague "huh?"
-fatigue toward end of classes/day from intense concentration they need for listening
-daydreaming/disruptive behaviors in response to frustrations from communication breakdowns
-only parts of messages received accurately, so messages & directions often appear incomplete |
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Term
| Classroom implications of Hearing Loss/disorder |
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Definition
-may be perceived as unmotivated, lazy, over-dependent, pragmatically awkward, inattentive
-show stronger academic performances in quiet, 1-on-1 environment
-info & routines more familiar, more likely to be able to complete directions & messages independently
-more learning success when new info broken into smaller ideas & represented in multi-sensory ways,e.g. visual maps
-self-advocacy very important |
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Term
| School Children with Hearing Impairments |
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Definition
Prelingual/Congenital losses-born with hearing loss
Postlingual losses-hearing loss after speech has developed |
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Term
| Students with Hearing Impairments who understand speech that's loud enough have these treatment options: |
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Definition
hearing aids
lip reading
auditory training
language stimulation
speech therapy |
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Term
Auditory Global
Mild/Moderate Losses |
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Definition
-focuses heavily on development of residual hearing
-use of a hearing aid
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Term
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Definition
-focuses on hearing, listening & speech
-incorporates lip reading |
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Term
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Definition
| utilizes hearing, lip-reading & finger-spelling * |
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Term
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Definition
-language in its own right
-contains vocab structure, grammar & idiomatic form |
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Term
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Definition
-electronic devices tht make sounds louder but don't give corrective hearing same way glasses correct visual acuity problems
-hearing aids don't work for all frequency of losses |
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Term
| Assistive Listening Devices |
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Definition
-systems engineered for specific listening conditions e.g. theaters, churches, civic centers, sports arenas, home
-ear phones/ear insterts
-relies on direct connection to intended sound source while blocking out intervening sounds in environment |
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Term
| Hearing Aids & Assistive Listening Devices |
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Definition
Assistive Listening Devices:
-serve as warning, alert or wake up systems
-flashing light bulbs/red lights |
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Term
Hearing Aids
components/styles |
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Definition
COMPONENTS
-microphone
-amplifier
-receiver
STYLES OF HEARING AIDS
-body hearing aid
-behind the ear
-in the ear |
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Term
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Definition
implantation of device includes receiver & wire electode in mastoid process behind pinna
-external part: microphone, signal processor & stimulator |
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Term
Implications for Classroom:
hearing aids/cochlear implants/etc |
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Definition
-ensuring child has been identified & has access to devices
-facing child to maximize cues
-developing system ensure child is understanding
-utilize visual clues/prompts
-home/school communication
-use of assitiv technology devices/hearid aids in classroom
-student may have interpreter
-student may have team including a deaf educator, SLP, special ed teacher working with them |
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Term
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Definition
term for flow of speech during communication:
-easy rhythm
-smooth
-effortless
-automatic |
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Term
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Definition
characterized by:
-pause
-interjection
-revision |
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Term
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Definition
| speech characterized by unusually high rates of stoppages that disrupt flow of communication & are inappropriate for the speaker's age, culture, & linguistic background |
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Term
PROLONGATION
Fluency Disorder |
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Definition
during natural talk, certain speech sounds prolonged
-CONSONANTS- wwwwwww-what is it? and shhhh-show me
-VOWELS- daaaaa-ddy, muuu-mmy
consonant prolong more common
-less than 1 second & less than 1/100wrds |
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Term
REPETITIONS
Fluency Disorder |
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Definition
4 broad types of repetition
SOUNDS-w..w...w..won't
SYLLABLES- it's my bo..bo..bo..bottle
WORDS-the boy has..has..has..has it
PHRASES-I want to..I want to..I want to go
-have a break between repeated sound |
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Term
HESITATION
Fluency Disorders |
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Definition
engaged in lengthy conversation & pauses for moment before continuing w/ utterance
SILENT- I went ....(3 sec pause)..home
FILLED-silence filled with vocalization
like, erm, uh, oh...I went...erm...home |
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Term
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Definition
when airflow & articulatory movement completely stop during production of sound
can go up to 5 sec. |
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Term
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Definition
result from individual's excessive mental & physical efforts promote fluent speech & disrupt fluent spch
-emerge as response to core behaviors
-used to escape & avoid movements/ disfluency
E.G. eye blinks, lip tremors, head jerks, negative feeling & attitude |
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Term
| Cause of stuttering (born with) |
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Definition
| no known cause to developmental stutter |
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Term
| Causes of stuttering (not born with) |
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Definition
-age
-developmental stressors
-self awareness |
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Term
ASSESSMENT & TREATMENT
DESE GUIDELINES FOR SCHOOL AGE |
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Definition
-easy onset
-relaxation techniques
-visual feedback-technology based
-psychological treatment-for emotional component
-self-monitoring
-environmental inventories |
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Term
Implications for the Classroom
Assessment & Treatment |
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Definition
-social implications w/ peers & adults
-presentations, read alouds
-participation in classroom discussion
-rarely academic implication negatitve
-making & keeping friends |
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