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Definition
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| What evidence is used to study human ancestors? |
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Definition
| The fossil record and the archaeological record. Stone tools, hominoid bones, animal bones, paleonenvironmental reconstructions, ancient DNA |
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Definition
| Bipedalism, brain size increase, facial flatness, canine reduction. |
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| Where are most early hominim sites? |
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Definition
| East African Rift Valley, Middle Awash (Ethiopia), Koobi Fora (Kenya), Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) |
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Definition
| Leakeys excavated in 1950s. Located in Tanzania. nine miles long and 2 million years of occupation. Stone working, lake side. Stone huts and butchery sites, home bases, storage areas. Australopithecus boisei, homo habilis, and homo erectus. Ascheulean and oldewan tool eras. Established African origin of mankind. |
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Term
| Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
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Definition
| 7mya. Toumai. Toros menalla, Chad. Completely cranium, distorted. |
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Definition
| 4.5mya Aramis, Gona sites. Ethiopia. Bipedal, arboreal locomotion. Lacks pronounced canines. |
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Term
| Australopithecus afarensis |
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Definition
| 3.6-2.9mya. Found in Tanzania Laetoli, Middle Awash and Hadar Ethiopia, Koobi Fora Kenya. Lucy (AL 288-1) 3.2 mya. 3.5 feet tall 30 kg. Laetoli footprints, 3.7 mya. |
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Definition
| Mary and Louis Leakey, 1959. East Africa major fossil first found. 1.8 mya. |
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| increased brain size, posessed language, ability to make stone tools, human like precision grip with well developed opposable thumbs. |
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Term
| cladogenetic speciation pattern |
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Definition
| branching and overlapping chronological pattern of life |
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Definition
| handy man, first specimen identified as the genus of homo. 1.8-1.5 mya. Tool use. Oldowan stone industry. Lower paleolithic. |
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Definition
| earliest hominim presence outside of Africa is c.1.8 mya. Dmanisi (Georgia republic), Java (Indonesia) |
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| Peking Man site. Zhoukoudian. Deep stratigraphy. 400-600 kya. Richest single site for erectus bones. |
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Definition
| Nariokotome adolescent skeleton. Turkana boy. Kenya. 1.6 mya |
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