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Exam 2
Eukaryotic Microbes, Human-Microbe Interactions, Parasites, Methods of CControl, Drugs and Microbes
87
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
10/21/2013

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Cards

Term
Fungi/Eukaryotes
Cell Walls
Definition
Contain Chitin
Term
Eukaryotes
Glycocalyx
Definition
Slime layer or capsule for attachment
-Fungi, protozoa, some algae
Term
Silicone Dioxide
Definition
Algal Cell Wall
Term
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Definition
Semipermeable lipid bilayer (phospholipid/proteins)
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Command Center
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA synthesis)
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER and SER)
Definition
RER: Packing and transport of ribosomes
SER: No ribosomes, store lipids, cisternae
Term
Lysozomes
Definition
Digest food and for protection
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
Storage for digestion or excretion
Term
Phagozomes
Definition
Vacuoles and Lysozomes together
Term
Mitocondria
Definition
Energy producers (can contain DNA) - considered primitive bacteria
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
Energy via photosynthesis.
Some Algae, plant cells have photosynthetic pigment
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Protein Synthesis
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Similar to a prokaryote, can be symplistic, but can also be very complex.
*Flexible framework of microfilaments and microtubules
Term
Fungi Macro and Micro
Definition
Mushrooms, puffballs, gill fungi
AND
Mold/yeast
Term
Yeast
Definition
Round, ovoid shape, asexual reproduction, budding similar to fission, yet not a cell cycle
Term
Mold Types - Hyphae
Definition
Long, filamentous fungi or mold
Term
Mold Types - Mycelium
Definition
Entire "colonly" of hyphae and spores
Term
Dimorphic
Definition
Yeast physically changes to become a mold or vice versa (physically changes its morphology dependent on temperature, esp. in lungs)
Term
Heterotrophic
Definition
NOT OBLIGATE - usually saprobes (eg. dead trees)
Term
Mycoses Definition
Definition
Fungal Infections, usually in cooler darker places like the feet
Term
Fungal Reproduction - Sexual
Definition
Primarily through the spores on hyphae
Term
Fungal Reproduction - Asexual
Definition
Spores through budding or mitosis
-Conida and sporangium spores
Term
Sporangiospores
Definition
Like a Dandilion, encased and not as bad
Term
Conidia
Definition
5 Different types, phialospores, look like broccoli, most spores
Term
Fungal Classification (According to Sexual Reproduction)
Definition
Phylum Zygomycota - zygospores
Phylum Ascomycota - ascospores and conidia (food related)
Term
Fungal Identification
Definition
Isolation on specific media,
Macro/micro ID of Asexual/spore forming structures/spores, hyphal type, colony margins, physiological characteristics, and genetic makeup
Term
Adverse Effects of Fungus
Definition
Mycoses (infection)
Allergies
Toxins
Destroy Foods
Term
Beneficial Effects of Fungus
Definition
Antibiotics
Break down Waste
Alcohol
Organic acids/vitamins
Foods
Genetic Studies
Term
Major Fungal Infections in Humans - Superficial (Skin)
Outer/Mucous, Epidermis/Hair, Dermis
Definition
Tinea, athletes foot, nail fungus, ringworm
Term
Major Fungal Infections in Humans - Systemic
Lungs
Definition
Coccydiodes: In construction and natural disaster
Histoplasmosis: Primarily from guano/bird poo
Term
Major Fungal Infections in Humans - Systemic
Brain (from initial Lung infection)
Definition
Cryptococcus: Fungal meningitis/pneumonia
Term
The Protist
Definition
Algae, protozoa (in or near H2O)
Term
Algae (Define)
Definition
Photosynthesize, create all oxygen for the water (macro or micro)
Classified according to color (pigment) - may or may not have flagella
Often used in cosmetics due to color
Term
Diatoms (Define)
Definition
Found in H2O, mud, etc. Have all different shapes (micro) and are colonial and multicellular (macro)
Term
Plankton (Define)
Definition
Most are free-living in fresh or marine water, produce a lot of atm. O2
Term
Dinoflaggelates (Define)
Definition
Produce most potent neurotoxins, generally associated with seafood (e.g. Red Tide Algae, paralyzes diaphragm - neutrilized by heat).
Term
Protozoa (Define)
Definition
Unicellular: Super important in environment but harmful to humans - can be spread by insect vectors
Heterotrophic, lack chloroplasts, feed by engulfing microbes and organic matter.
Sexual/Asexual reproduction (conjugation)
Term
Trophozoit (Define)
Definition
Feeding stage of Protozoa
Term
Cyst (Define)
Definition
Resting/dormant stage of Protozoa
Term
Classification of Protozoa (by Movement)
Definition
Flagellar, Ameboid, and Cilia (and Apicomplexa)
Mastigophora
Sarcodina
Ciliophora
Apicomplexa
Term
Mastigophora
Definition
Flagellar movement (sexual) of Protozoa
Term
Sarcodina
Definition
Ameboid movement (asexual fission, free living) of Protozoa
Term
Ciliophora
Definition
Cilia on trophozoits/cysts
Term
Apicomplexa
Definition
Had movement, but no longer has it (eg. Malaria)
Term
Parasitic Helminths
Definition
Only multicellular - have primitive organ systems, always parasitize host tissue.
Can produce egg/sperm (girl, boy, or both)
Fertlized eggs go through larval period in or out of host body
Term
Mouth parts for attachment/digestion (Helminths)
Definition
Hooks, suckers, or both (scolex)
Term
Major Groups of Parasitic Helminths
Definition
1. Cesstodes (flatworm-tapeworm)
2. Trematodes (flatworm-fluke)
3. Nematode (roundworm)
Term
How are Helminths acquired?
Definition
Primarily through ingestion, but in other areas they are acquired from soil, water, insect vectors (closer to equator).
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-amebic dysentery
Definition
Entamoeba hystolica, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Chagas disease
Definition
Trypanosoma cruzi, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Tapeworm
Definition
Tania saginata (Beef), Helminth
Tania solium (Pork)
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Hookworm
Definition
Necator amaericanus, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-African sleeping sickness
Definition
Trypanisoma bruceii, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Pinworm
Definition
Enterobius vermicularis, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
Definition
Wuchereria bancrofti, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Amebic menigoencephalitis
Definition
Naegleria fowleri, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Malaria
Definition
Plasmodium vivax malaria ovale or falciparum, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Toxoplasmosis
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Trichinellosis
Definition
Trichinella spiralis, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Whipworm
Definition
Tricuris trichiura, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-River Blindness
Definition
Onchocerca vovulus, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Contact lens wearers blindness
Definition
Acanthamoeba, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Ciliated protozoa causes diarrhea
Definition
Balantidium coli, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Trichomoniasis STD
Definition
Trichomonas vaginalis, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Giardiasis
Definition
Giardia lamblia, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Leishmaniasis Cutaneous, Espundia, and Systemic (kala alazar)
Definition
Leishmania species, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Sarcocytosis
Definition
Sarcocystis species, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Chronic diarrhea
Definition
Cryptosporidium parvum, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Cyclosporiasis
Definition
Cyclospora cayetanensis, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Redwater fever of Cattle (tick bourn) aka Babesiosis aka Cyclic Fever
Definition
Babesia, Protozoa
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Intestinal Roundworm Indigenous to Humans
Definition
Ascaris lumbricoides, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Threadworm
Definition
Strongyloides stercorlis and Trichinella spiralis, Helminths
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-African Eye Worm
Definition
Loa loa, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Trematodes
Definition
Schistosomes, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Liver Fluke
Definition
Clonorchis and Fasciola hepatica, Helminths
Term
Match Disease with Causative Agent
-Lung Fluke
Definition
Paragonimus westermani, Helminth
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Amebic Dysentary
Definition
ingestion of food contaminated by human feces
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Chagas disease
Definition
bite from the reduviid bug
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Cyclosporiasis
Definition
Ingesting fecally contaminated water or produce
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Toxoplasmosis
Definition
Contact with cats/cat feces or ingesting rare or raw meat
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Giardiasis
Definition
ingestion of cysts in water contaminated by wild animal feces
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Tapeworm
Definition
eating poorly cooked beef or pork
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Filariasis
Definition
bite from an Anopheles mosquito
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Schistosomiasis
Definition
Freshwater snail vector releases infectious stage (cercaria)
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-Ascariasis
Definition
water or food contaminated with human feces containing eggs
Term
Match Disease with Mode of Transmission
-River Blindness
Definition
Bite from the black fly
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