Term
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Definition
Tracks
Burrows
Coprolites (fossil dung)
Gastroliths (polished gizzard stones) |
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Term
| State Fossil of North Dakota |
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Definition
Teredo Wood
A plant fossil and a trace fossil |
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Term
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Definition
| Matching of rocks of similar ages in different regions known as correlation |
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Term
| Biostratigraphic correlation relies on _________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
late 1700s
Noted that sedimentary strata in widely seperated areas could be identified and correlated by their distictive _________ content |
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Term
| Principle of fossil succession |
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Definition
| Fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order, and therefore any time period can be recognized by it's fossil content |
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Term
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Definition
| A geographically widespread fossil that is limited to a short span of geologic time |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of fossils that frequently occur together because they inhabited the same biomes |
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Term
| 3 Largest Mass Extinctions in Earth History |
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Definition
Permian
Cretaceous
Holocene |
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Term
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Definition
251 Million years ago
95% of all marine organisms
75% of terrestrials |
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Term
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Definition
80% marine
55% terrestrials |
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Term
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Definition
10 million years ago
45-55% of terrestrials
Oceans- difficult to assign percentage
Entire coral reef biomes, marine mammals, numerous marine birds and fish populations are plummeting |
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Term
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Definition
Earliest evidence of life on earth
Archean Eon- 3.4-3.4 billions years ago to present day
Mounds formed by colonies of cyano (bacteria) |
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Term
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Definition
Earliest multi-cellular life forms preserved in fossil record
600-900 Million years ago
Precambrian time
Soft bodied
Preserved as molds |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rock at Earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Physical/ Mechanical Weathering |
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Definition
TWERK- Thermal
WHILE- Wetting
FEEDING- Frost
UNICORNS- Unloading
BREAD- Biological activity |
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Term
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Definition
Aqueous Processes
Biochemical Processes |
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Term
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Definition
DON'T- Dissolution
IGNORE- Ion exchange
OLD PEOPLE- Oxidation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
DOWN- Decomposition
FOR- Formation of stable materials
SEX- Smoothing |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical transportation of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice, or gravity |
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Term
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Definition
Particles (sediments)
Solutes (Dissolved ions) |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of minerals, organic matter, water, and air |
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Term
| Five soil forming factors |
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Definition
PEOPLE- Parent matters
TAKE- Topography
CRAPS- Climate
ON- Organisms
TOILETS- Time |
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Term
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Definition
OVER- O horizon- organic
ALL- A horizon- topsoil organic and mineral
EXTRA- E horizion- little organic matter
BASIC- B horizon- zone of accumulation
CHICKS- C horizon- Partially Altered Parent |
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Term
| What is a Sedimentary Rock? |
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Definition
| product of chemical and mechanical weathering of another rock |
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Term
| Economic importance of sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
Coal
Petroleum
Aggregate for construction
Abrasives |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical, physical, and biological changes that take place after sediments are deposited |
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Term
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Definition
| Development of more stable minerals from less stable ones |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediments are transformed into solid rock by compaction and cementation |
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Term
| Detrital Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
| Sediment transported as solid particles |
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Term
| Chemical sedimentary rocks- |
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Definition
| Sediment that was transported in solution |
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Term
| Textures of sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Discrete fragments and particles |
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Term
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Definition
pattern of interlocking crystals
may resemble igneous rock
most chemical sedimentary rocks are non clastic |
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Term
| Detrital Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
QUEEN- Quartz
FELICIA- Feldspars
MAKES- Micas
CHLAMYDIA- Clay
INJECTIONS- Iron oxides |
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Term
| Common Detrital Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
SEXY- Shale
STEVE-Silstone
SAT-Sandstone
CRAPPING-Conglomerate
BRICKS-Breccia |
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Term
| Chemical Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
LADIES-Limestone
DO-Dolostone
EVERY-Evaporites
CLASSY-Chert
CRAFT-Coal |
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Term
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Definition
Mineral calcite
Formed in association with coral reefs |
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Term
| Principle of Original Horizontality |
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Definition
After being transported by mobile agents sediments are deposited in horizontal layers
referred to as strata |
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Term
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Definition
| a break or disruption in the rock record produced by erosion and non deposition of rock units |
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Term
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Definition
Angular
Nonconformity
Disconformity |
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Term
| Chemical Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
| Precipitated material that was once in solution |
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Term
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Definition
Alterated limestone
rich in Mg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Microcrystalline quartz
Flint, jasper |
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Term
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Definition
Dead plant material
Lignite
Peat
BAD-Bituminous
ASS- Anthracite |
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Term
| Types of Sedimentary Environments |
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Definition
COUNTRY- Continental
MUSIC- Marine
TELEVISION- Transitional |
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