Term
| what is the definition of sleep |
|
Definition
| unconciousness that person can be aroused from |
|
|
Term
| what % of sleep disorders are chronic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age does sleep problems become a bigger porblem |
|
Definition
| 65 yo (becomes 80% of the pop) |
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Term
is sleep an active or passive process?
why? |
|
Definition
active
-specific brain regions must be intact for sleep to occur |
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Term
| lesion of _ create chronic insomnia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lesion of _ creates hypersomnia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
is arousal a function of previous rest a person got?
why? |
|
Definition
no
it has circadian rhytm separate from # of hours of sleep |
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Term
| sleep can be monitored by- |
|
Definition
| ECG (see elctrical signals on brain) |
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Term
| we don't remember our dreams in what state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the restful, slow wave sleep phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during sleep whcih phase occurs first? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which NREM state is the drowsy state?
what kind of background does it have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which NREM stage has theat waves with burst patterns?
what makes up these burst patterns? |
|
Definition
S2
sleep spindles and K complexes |
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|
Term
| What stages of NREM are the slow wave/delta sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during which stages of sleep does the body tem reduce and eye movements are absent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sleep in stages 3 and 4 of NREM is high amp slow activtiy of _ waves associated with- |
|
Definition
delta
synchrony of neuronal firing |
|
|
Term
REM occurs after-
how long does it last |
|
Definition
90 min of NREM
30 min at most |
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|
Term
during what sleep state does the ECG resemble nromal awake state?
what does it show? |
|
Definition
REM
low amp, mixed frequency |
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Term
| what occurs during REM?-3 |
|
Definition
| bilateral eye movement, active dreams, flucating RR nad HR |
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Term
| is the threshold for arousal higher or lower for REM sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 50% of your sleep cycle is spent in what- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of sleep |
|
Definition
| not known- maybe memory consolidaiton |
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|
Term
what age is this:
poor segregation btwn REM and NREM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| by what age do you separate the sleep and wakefullness periods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age do you have reduced slow delta sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the characteristic of sleep with elderly-4 |
|
Definition
reduced length of sleep
more naps
less delta sleep
fall asleep earlier in evening |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 systems involved in switch btwn wake and sleep |
|
Definition
ARAS
VLPO
orexin/hypocretin peptide |
|
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Term
| the ARAS is composed of what monomamines-4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ARAS inhibits _ cell that normally promote REM sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VLPO promotes _ by increasing _? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
VLPO inhibts orexin when?
what else does it inhibit then? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the ARAS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what stablizes the flip flop of VLPO and ARAS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VLPO GABA neurons
they inhibit TMN histamin neurons active during wake and other monoamines |
|
|
Term
when TMN is active what is released?
what does this promote? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the sleep wake switch is regulated by what?
located where? |
|
Definition
orexin/hypocretin
lateral hypothalmus |
|
|
Term
REM is driven by-
located where? |
|
Definition
REM-on cholinergic cells
pontine tegmentum |
|
|
Term
| at the end of NREM, VLPO inhibits _ na ddisinhibits _ |
|
Definition
REM off monoamines
REM-on cholinergic cells |
|
|
Term
| what do antidepressants do to REM sleep and why? |
|
Definition
reduces
increases 5 HT and NE and reduces cholinergics |
|
|
Term
| anticholinergic _ anatgonists suppress REM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anticholinesterase inhibitors activate what sleep state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cholinergic cells initate many _ of REM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a regulator of REM and NREM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sleep is partially controlled by what drive?
it is related to length of _ |
|
Definition
homeostatic
prior wakefullness |
|
|
Term
| homeostatic drive decreases when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tho mechanism of homeostatic drive is poor understood, what compound is invovled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adenosine increases during what state? and promotes sleep by acting on? |
|
Definition
wakefullness
cholinergic neurons |
|
|
Term
| how do caffeine and methylxanthines promote activity? |
|
Definition
| blocking adenosine recptors |
|
|
Term
| sleep is also controlled by _ process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the circadian process is linked to env signlas such as-3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
most circadian rhythms are controlled by?
what is its nickname |
|
Definition
suprachiasmic nucelus
pacemaker of neuroendocrine rhythms |
|
|
Term
| what allows the suprachiasmic nucleus to be linked to the dark/light cycles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what preautonomic functions does the suprachiasmic nuclues control-3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what endocrine functions does the suprachiasmic nucleus control?4 |
|
Definition
vasopressin/oxytcin
hypothal/pit/gonad
hypothal/pit/thyroid
hypothal/pit/adrenal |
|
|
Term
the circadian rhythm is driven by what genes-4
what 2 form a complex to promote the others? |
|
Definition
clock
Bmal1
period (3 of them)
cryptochrome;
Clock/Bmal1 |
|
|
Term
which control mechanism has a wake drive?
what happens to it during the day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which contorl mechanism has a sleep drive?
what happens during the day? |
|
Definition
homeostatic
increases til VLPO triggers release of GABA |
|
|
Term
| deficient arousal leads to-2 |
|
Definition
excessive sleepeiness
sleep attacks |
|
|
Term
excessive arousal leads to what during day?
what during the night? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what part of the brain regulates arousal?
how doe sit do this |
|
Definition
thalmus
controlls amnt of sensory input reaching cortex |
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Term
| when a person fails to filter out sensory input at night or daytime sleepy when they filter too much this is problem with this- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of insomnia is thought to be boosting the _ filter with what type fo agents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of sleepiness is thought to be reducing the _ filter with _ agents (2) |
|
Definition
thalmus
dopamine agnets or stimulants |
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