Term
| when is anxiety abnormal? |
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Definition
| when interferes with normal life |
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Term
| who is anxiety disorders more present in. male or female? |
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Definition
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Term
| in what ethnicites is anxiety disorder less in? -2 |
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Definition
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Term
| what is generalized anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
| exaggerated worry and tension in absence of real cause |
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Term
| which anxiety disorders are women 2x more likely for -3 |
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Definition
generalized anxiety
panic disorders
specific phobia |
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Term
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Definition
| terror that strikes suddenly with heart palpitations and fear of death |
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Term
panic disorder anxiety cna progress to what?
what does this mean? |
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Definition
agoraphobia
person avoids situaitons that precipitaes attack |
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Term
| which disorder has anxiety about when they are going to undergo another attack? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| irrational fear, even if person knows its irrational |
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Term
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Definition
| for an object or situation. (flying, dog, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of embaressing oneself publicly |
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Term
| what is an example of social phobia |
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Definition
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Term
| which anxiety disorder is women same as men in getting-2 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anxiety caused by living thru dangerous event (abuse, rape, etc) |
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Term
| which anxiety disorder to women have more than men |
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Definition
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Term
| what is OCD characterized by-3 |
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Definition
| behavior, congitive rigidity and loss of control over actions |
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Term
| in the new DSM what 2 previous anxiety disorders are cateogrized as something else |
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Definition
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Term
how young can anxiety disorders be seen?
why? |
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Definition
5 yo
when brain is fully devloped and synaptic pruning begins |
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Term
| if you have one of the anxiety disorers, what is the chance of getting one of the others? |
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Definition
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Term
| anxiety has a corss relaitonship with what disroder, than there is a 80% of these also having anxiety disorder |
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Definition
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Term
what drugs do ppl with anxiety disoder become depednent on? -2
why? |
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Definition
BDZ
ethanol
potentiate GABA |
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Term
| fear involves what two brain parts |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| getting rid of fear memories when we know they werent threats to begin with |
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Term
| what brain parts is fear extinction involved in-2 |
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Definition
| ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amaygdala |
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Term
| Cognitive behaviour therapies do what |
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Definition
| promoting fear extinciton by exposing pt in safe env to fear cues |
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Term
| what two systems are invovled in anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
| bc MDD and anxeity have corss over, what is porbbaly invovled in anxiety disorder |
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Definition
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Term
what can be seen thru MRI for anxiety disorder?
what is probably the cause? |
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Definition
hippocampal atrophy
stress from the anxiety |
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Term
| why does a reduction in hippocampus cause anxiety? |
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Definition
| bc its natural inhibiton of hypothalmus is removed and this incrases expression of emotion |
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Term
| what is the orbitofrontal cortex responsble for |
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Definition
| promotes amygdala function |
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Term
| what does the centromedial preforntla cortex do>? |
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Definition
| acts as brake on amygdala function |
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Term
| simple bheaviors can be carreid out by basal ganglion, but to inhibit behavior and shift focus to new acitvity you need- |
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Definition
| higher order cortical input |
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Term
| if cortical doesnt interfere for basal ganglion behavior this leads to |
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Definition
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Term
| in axniety disorder there is increased neuronal activity where-3 |
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Definition
ventromedial PFC
cingulate cortex
amydala |
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Term
| the thing with finding increased neurons in amygdala is that spatial resolution doesnt allow to show for ? |
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Definition
| the different regions to eb shown to differentiate diseases |
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Term
| read the neuro/physiology imagaing paragraph |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what part of the PFC are elevated in anxiety |
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Definition
|
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Term
| this region of PFC is hypofunctioned in anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
| does damage to amygdala or PFC cause more PTSD? |
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Definition
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|
Term
PTSD pts shows reduced _?
so this means toxic level of? |
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Definition
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Term
does NE have effect on flashbacks?
what about hypervigilecne? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| qunaitfiable biological variables |
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Term
| what are the alleles involved in anxiety disorders |
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Definition
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Term
genetic factors correlate btwn what three anxiety disorders?
which one isnt, whihc means it might have different etiology? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the genes invovled in anxiety disorder-4 |
|
Definition
SERT/5HTT
COMT
SLC1a1/EAAT3
5 HT1A |
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Term
| the promoter 44 deletion allel in the _ gene is seen in both MDD and anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
| the S allel of SERt is asosciated with- |
|
Definition
| enhanced amygadla (anxiety) |
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Term
| what is the gene mutation onvovled in panic disorder |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what gene is altered in OCD |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does the EAAT gene do when mutated |
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Definition
| impaired Glu uptake so uncreases synaptic Glu tone |
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Term
the 5HT 1 A gene mutation causes increased 1 A autoreceptors where?
what does this cause? |
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Definition
Raphe nucleus
decreased 5HT release in amygdala |
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Term
| * even tho BDZs are effective in axniety disorder, studies cant show genetic relaiton to GABA |
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Definition
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Term
anxiety is a way of focusing attention, what part of the brain does this?
what monoamine is invovled? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Ne in the _ act to focus attention |
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Definition
|
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Term
| panic attack symtpoms with tachycardia and hyperventilation are an activaiton of- |
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Definition
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|
Term
| tourette's with OCD points to _ being invovled in the diseease |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what neuropeptides are implicated in anxiety disorders-2 |
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Definition
CRF (anxiogeneic)
neuropeptide y (anxiolytic) |
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Term
| anxiogenic agents example |
|
Definition
| CNS sitmulants like caffeine |
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Term
| what shows anxiogenic agents involved in panic disorders-2 |
|
Definition
increase in adenosine respocotrs
increase in lactate |
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Term
| what are 2 other effects of anxiolytics-2 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most comon anxiolytic>? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the historical anxiolytics?-4 |
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Definition
bromides
belladona
opiates
barbiutates |
|
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Term
| what are the new anxiolytics-3 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| too much _ begins to inhibit normal behavior and produce anxiety |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| wht drugs initally increase anxiety? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how do SSRIs help anxiety |
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Definition
| elevates the serotonin so that the autorecepotrs activated and eventual decrease in 5 HT release |
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Term
| what does buspirone do for anxiety |
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Definition
causes decreased 5HT turnover in limbic
agonist of 5HT1A recptors in limibic which are inhibitory
agonist of somatodendritic autorecpotrs |
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Term
| because buspirone takes a while to see effects, what else is required |
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Definition
| regulation of autorecpotrs function |
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Term
|
Definition
5HT1A agonist
D2 recpot agonist
alpha 2 recptor agonist |
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|
Term
| what is the 5HT3 antagonist |
|
Definition
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|
Term
which serotnoin recptor is post synaptic?
an antagonist of this would? |
|
Definition
5 HT3
interfere with excess serotonin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do BDZs work for anxiety |
|
Definition
inhibit NE and 5HT neurons
also DA |
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|
Term
| which med class has quickest onset of action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ultimately the focus for treatment should be on _ not the monomamines |
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Definition
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