Term
schiz is a _ disorder
it also is an impairemnt of- |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the definiiton of postive schiz symtpoms? |
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Definition
| not present in normal adults but yes in schiz |
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Term
| what is the definiton of negative schiz symtpoms? |
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Definition
| present in normal adults, but not in schiz |
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Term
| ex of positive schiz symptoms?-3 |
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Definition
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech |
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Term
| pts with positive schiz symtpoms respond well to what meds |
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Definition
| antipsychoitcs such as DA antags |
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Term
| Exs of negative schiz symtpoms-3 |
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Definition
loss of emotion
anergy
loss of scoial |
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Term
| pts with ___ schiz symtpoms are more resistant to therapy and condition can worsen even with drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| cognitive symtpoms of schiz include-2 |
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Definition
poor decision making
impaired memory |
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Term
| delusions that are common include:-3 |
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Definition
ppl spying
thoughts are being broadcast/imposed from outside source
speech is repetitve |
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Term
| hallucinations are particuallry _ with schiz |
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Definition
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Term
hallucinaitons are similar to toxic dose of _
how? |
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Definition
| amphetamines (release of Da) |
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Term
_ intoxication has similar postive and neg symtpoms of schiz?
how? |
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Definition
| PCP ( NMDA anatg,- block Da uptake, enhances release) |
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Term
| can hallucinations be distinguished by those caused by LSD |
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Definition
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Term
| negative effects resemble a _ lobatomy |
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Definition
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Term
Schiz is caused by too muhc?
what leads to this conclusion |
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Definition
DA
-PCP and amapehtamtine simialrities |
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Term
| psychosis differs from schiz bc it can be what? |
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Definition
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Term
| age of onset for schiz? what does this correlate with?` |
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Definition
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Term
| the decline of institutionalized pts dropped when _ were invented |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens with suicide and schiz? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the neruodevlopmental theory?
what contibutes to this? |
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Definition
Schiz is result of devlopment abnormalites that are present way before 1st ep.
-genetics and env |
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Term
| prenatal exposure to what infections increases risk of schiz-4 |
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Definition
| rubella, toxoplasma, HSV, influenza |
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Term
| how does famine relate to schiz? |
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Definition
| childre who were in utero during famine have increas risk |
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Term
| what at brith increases risk for schiz |
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Definition
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Term
| _ type of environment increases risk of schiz |
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Definition
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Term
| _ tramua also increases risk of schiz |
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Definition
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Term
| look at highlight on the 2nd pg for other factor sinvolvedd in schiz risk |
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Definition
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Term
| what nutritional def can increase schiz-3 |
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Definition
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Term
| schiz rare gene with high risk ex: |
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Definition
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Term
a causal mutation of schiz is?
what is the exact mutaiton and what does this delete? |
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Definition
DISC1
chomrosomes 1 and 11 trnaslocation
protein:protein interaction domain |
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Term
what is DISC 1 important for activity of _
what does then then regulate-5 |
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Definition
regulates activiity of proteins
neruo proliferation, migration, cell sign, spine and synapse mantenance |
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Term
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Definition
| scaffold protein in the brain and dentate gyrus |
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Term
for most ppl schiz is a what disorder?
predominated by alleles with what risk? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the low risk genes for schiz-3 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| alpha subunit of Ca channel |
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Term
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Definition
| trnascription factor for brain devlopment |
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Term
| TCF4 is regulated by this microRNA that is also implicated in schiz |
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Definition
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Term
NRGN is what (neurogranin)?
what does it do?-2 |
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Definition
protein kinase on postsynp
bind calmodulin in low Ca and target for thryoid for brain development |
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Term
| what is invovled int he depletion of NRXN and so is invovled in schiz |
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Definition
| copy number vriants (CNVs) |
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Term
| CNV gene encodes adhesion molecule invovled in- |
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Definition
| form and maintenance of synpases |
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Term
| many CNVs assoc with sxhiz are also invovled with-3 |
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Definition
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Term
a lot of CNV mutations are-
this means |
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Definition
de novo
arise spontaneously in parents gense |
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Term
| some evidcen points CNV mutaitons assoc with |
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Definition
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Term
| what dopamine pathway is not disrupted in schiz |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 dopamine pathways involved with schiz |
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Definition
tuberinfundibular
mesolimbic/mesocortical |
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Term
| DA in the tuberoinfudndibular start at the _ nad go to the pituiatry where it inhibits? |
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Definition
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Term
| what can be measured to measure DA function |
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Definition
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Term
| DA in the mesolimbic start at the brainstem and then go-2 |
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Definition
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Term
| DA stimulation of the nucleus accumbens is used for-2 |
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Definition
| imparting reward and reinforcement |
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Term
| look at the mesolimbic paragraph highlighted on pg 3 |
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Definition
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Term
there are _ matter deficits in what 2 places for schiz?
when can you see this? |
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Definition
grey
PFC and temporal cortex
-before 1st episode |
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Term
| grey matter loss is genetic/env |
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Definition
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Term
| in unaffetced siblings with coritcal atrophy what happens |
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Definition
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Term
| PFC _ region is for congivitve function like memory and planning- |
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Definition
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Term
| PFc region _ is for regulation of emotion |
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Definition
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Term
| DA HYPERactivity in the _ region leads to the postive symtpms of schiz |
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Definition
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Term
DA HYPOfunction in the _ region ledas to the neg schiz symtpoms
what other symtpoms does it cause |
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Definition
dorsolateral
the cognitive |
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Term
| the enxtensive conclusion is that scjiz is a disroder of- |
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Definition
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Term
what can measure the actvaitno of mental tasks?
what can measure the connectivity btwn regions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
enlarged ventrciles
reduced PFC, hippocamp, temporal
redcued cerebral blood flow to frontal lobes
abnormal eye movements
diffuse activity on EEG |
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Term
| what shows schiz isnt caused by neurodegeneration |
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Definition
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Term
| there is a reduciton of blood flow in frontal lobes- this implies what |
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Definition
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Term
what part of the face has abnormal movements upon exam with schiz
why? |
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Definition
eye
-eye attention is part of PFC |
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Term
| a schiz pt shows what type of EEG? |
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Definition
| diffuse electrical activity |
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Term
| positive symtpoms of schiz are due to DA _ at these 2 locaitons |
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Definition
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Term
| negative symptoms of schiz are due to _ hypofunction |
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Definition
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Term
| what drugs are good agaisnt schiz positiv symtpoms |
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Definition
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Term
| dugs that show affinity for _ are good for the negative symtpoms of schiz |
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Definition
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Term
5HT in the Raphe are _active due to stress?
what other part of the brain does this inhibit |
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Definition
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Term
| Is HVA elevated in schiz more than nromal ppl? |
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Definition
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Term
| antagonist drugs bind immediately, so why does it take long for neuroleptic efficacy? |
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Definition
| alterations in autorecptors |
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Term
Where are D2 recptors located
what does this cause when using a agent that tagets these |
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Definition
presynaptic and post
get blockade of both and VTA axon recpotrs->high HVA in acute treatment |
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Term
during chronic therapy agaisnt D2 recptors, what decreases HVA back to normal?
what is this terrmed? |
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Definition
axons become refractory bc of depolarization and cant reactivate voltage channels
depolarization blockade |
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Term
| the therapuetic effects of D2 antagonists parrallels the timeing for |
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Definition
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Term
| if you use non specific DA antagonists that affect stiatium and pituitay what can result? |
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Definition
hyperpolactin
Extra pyramidal motor effects/tadive dyskenesia |
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