Term
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Definition
| non degenerative, non congenital insult to the cranium and intracranial contents from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to permanent or temporary impairments of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial function with an associated diminished or altered state of consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
| dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, sleep disturbance, lethargy, sensory deficit |
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Term
| Cognitive Problems with TBI |
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Definition
| poor attention, memory deficits, speech/language problems, problems with executive functions (goal setting, sequence motor behaviors, self monitoring, inhibition) |
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Term
| Socio-behavioral Difficulties with TBI |
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Definition
| Emotional Lability (free, uncontrolled often exaggerated expression of emotions), disinhibition, irritability, combativeness, quickness to anger |
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Term
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Definition
| open/penetrating, closed/non penetrating. |
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Term
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Definition
Skull is fracture or perforated, meninges torn or lacerated.
-Skull less able to protect brain
-leaves individual prone to further injury or infection |
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Term
| Closed/non penetrating TBI |
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Definition
Skull may or may not be fractured, meninges intact.
-2 primary mechanisms/classifications (acceleration/deceleration and non acceleration/deceleration) |
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Term
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Definition
Brain moving within skull.
-ex: car accident, whiplash |
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Term
| non acceleration/deceleration |
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Definition
head and brain remain stationary
-ex: Something hits head |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Complete at time of impact or moment of trauma.
-skull fracture, contusion, hematoma, lacerations |
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Term
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Definition
Breaking of bony skull.
-depressed = broken piece of skull moves in toward brain
-compound = skin/scalp is lacerated, skull is fractured
-basemer = at base of skull, may include opening at skull base *severe |
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Term
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Definition
Bruising of brain. Swelling, bleeding, and destruction of neural tissue as a result of vascular and tissue damage. *may leave a scar
-coup and contrecoup injuries are contusions |
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Term
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Definition
Coup = Blow to head results in brain moving and slamming into point of impact.
-Small, hard objects or slower moving objects.
Contrecoup = injury occurs opposite the site of impact, brain bounces
-larger objects
*often occur together |
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Term
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Definition
Blood clots, localized mass of exuded blood that is relatively or completely confined within an organ space or potential space.
-may develop slowly or rapidly, depending on place
-hits and compresses tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Slower bleeding outside the brain between potential space of dura mater and arytenoid mater caused by damage to a vein. |
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Term
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Definition
Faster bleeding outside brain into potential space between pia mater and skull caused by damage to an artery.
-blood under pressure, see symptoms quickly |
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Term
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Definition
| state of unconsciousness from which the individual can not be awakened, during which they have no voluntary activity, respond minimally if at all to stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
tearing of cerebral lobe or blood vessel as a result of a blow causing the brain to rotate within the skull.
-Results in intracranial hematoma, blood from damaged vessel leaks into brain.
*diffuse axonal injury |
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Term
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Definition
Extensive cutting and shearing of large connecting nerve fibers and the stretching of blood vessels caused by a shaking or strong rotation of the head.
-axons tear, break down. |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs immediately after trauma, then evolves and continues over a period of time following the injury.
-*hydrocephalus, *subdural hematonma, epilepsy, intracranial infection, fever, blood pressure change, low sodium, anemia, cardiac changes, lung changes |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition marked by excessive cerebrospinal fluid resulting in dilation of ventricles and raised intracranial pressure. Pinches blood vessels, tissue dies. |
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