Term
| lipoproteins macro or micro? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of molecules does liproteins trnasport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 3 things does lipoproteins help absorb |
|
Definition
| dietary cholesterol, long-chain fatty acid, and fat vitamines |
|
|
Term
| what is the only substance lipoproteins delivers from the peripheral to the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lipoproteins has a core of-
ex: 2 |
|
Definition
hydrophobic
cholesterol esters, TGs |
|
|
Term
lipoporteins core is surronded by-
ex: 2 |
|
Definition
hydrophillic
phospholipids
unesterfied cholesterol |
|
|
Term
HDL compared to VLDL:
which is bigger?
which is more dense? |
|
Definition
HDL is smaller
HDL is more dense |
|
|
Term
| TGs are carreid by what type of lipoportein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| serum cholesterol is usually carried by what 2 liporotiens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| put the liproteins in order of size, bigger to smaller |
|
Definition
| chylomicrons> VLDL> ILDL>LDL> HDL |
|
|
Term
| what are alipoporteins needed fro |
|
Definition
| strucutre and function of lipoproteins |
|
|
Term
| what acts an activator fo lipoprotein enzymes for metabolsim |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what acts what acts a ligand for surface recptors on liporpoteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is the most abudnant aliporpotien for HDL?
what is the second most? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what specific apoproteint is on chylomicrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is ApoB-100 found on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
where is ApoB 48 synthesize
ApoB100 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
whcih lipoprotein is critical for TG clearence?
which is sometimes use for this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| APoE is found on which liporpoteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which alipoprotein is not transfered btw lipids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what hydrolyzes DIETARY TGs
where at in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is emulsified by bile acids to form micelles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are DIETARY cholesterol, fat vitamins, and fatty acids absorbed at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what two dietary thigns are esterfied?
where at? |
|
Definition
cholesterol & retinol
enterocyte |
|
|
Term
| what make up chylomicrons -5 |
|
Definition
TGs
APoB 48
Long chain faty acids
phospholipids
choelsterol and retinla esters |
|
|
Term
| how do nascent chylomicrons get to the liver -4 |
|
Definition
1- secreted into intestine lymph
2-go thru thoraic duct to ssytemic circ
3- processed by peripheral tissue
4-liver |
|
|
Term
GPIHBP1 is the anchor for what enzyme?
where is GPIHBP1 anchored?-3 |
|
Definition
LPL - lipoprotein lipase
adipose, heart, skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
what affect does LPL have on chylomicrons- 2
what is the cofactor needed for this? |
|
Definition
hydrolyzes TGs
releases FFA
APO C- II |
|
|
Term
| what transfer ApoC II to chylomicrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one FFA are release from chylomicrons what happens to them- 3 |
|
Definition
-oxidized for energy
-reester into TGs
-bind to albumin and travel (liver) |
|
|
Term
| the hydrophobic contents of chymolicrons are hydrolized- what happens to the hydrophillic? |
|
Definition
| transfered to HDL (phospholipids, cholesterol) |
|
|
Term
what removes chylmoicrons remants
what apo is required for a ligand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
endogenous lipid transport pathway refers to the secretion of what apo?
where was it synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VLDL differs from chylomicrons how- 4 |
|
Definition
apo 100
more cholesterol
endogenous
made in liver |
|
|
Term
| what is needed to package the hepatic TGs and other components of VLDL? |
|
Definition
MTP
microsomal TG transfer protein |
|
|
Term
how does VLDL get Apo C and E?
where? |
|
Definition
trnasfer from HDL
in plasma |
|
|
Term
how are IDLS formed
what is conc of chol. and TGs compared to VLDL? |
|
Definition
VLDL Tgs hydrolized by LPL, IDL= remnants
about the same amt as VLDL (jsut decreased in size= more density) |
|
|
Term
| majority of IDL is removed by _ recptor due to this process-hat recpotr is needed for this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what enzyme remodels IDL?
what does it become?
what istransfered during this process? |
|
Definition
hepatic lipase
LDL
all apos except Apo 100 |
|
|
Term
| which lipoprotein carries half of the serum cholsterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what clears the majporty of LDL? |
|
Definition
| LDL recptor endocytosis in liver |
|
|
Term
| what cells can synthesize cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What cells can excrete cholesterol
how- 2 ways |
|
Definition
hepatocytes & enterocytes
bile, gut lumen |
|
|
Term
what mediates reverse cholesterol transport?
what is this process? |
|
Definition
HDL
transports cholesterol from peripheral to liver and intestine to excrete |
|
|
Term
| HDL is synthezied whewre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which Apo helpes form HDL?
what does it acquire and how? |
|
Definition
ApoA- I
phospholipids and unester cholesterol
efflux from ABCA1 |
|
|
Term
For HDL the cholesterol is esterfied by?
where at? |
|
Definition
LCAT- lecthin acyltransferase
insdie the HDL |
|
|
Term
| the indirect transfer of HDL cholesterol to hepatocytes- |
|
Definition
| exchanges TGS with ApoB lipoproteins through CETP( chol. ester transfer protein) |
|
|
Term
| direct trnasfer of HDL cholesterol to hepatocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) do? |
|
Definition
| transfers phospholipids from other lipoproteins to HDL, or among HDLs |
|
|
Term
| what is the effect of a CETP and PLTP transfer? |
|
Definition
| HDL is better substrate for HL (get smaller HDL to be catobolized fasted) |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference btwn the HL hydrolizing of HDL and the endotheial lipase hydrolizing HDL? |
|
Definition
| endotheial only does phopholipids, and makes it catabolize faster |
|
|
Term
the greatest risk of lipoprotein disorder is
what increases this risk? |
|
Definition
coronary astheroscerlosis
high LDL, high recpotrs |
|
|
Term
| primary disorder of hyperlipidemia |
|
Definition
| familial hypercholesterol |
|
|
Term
the greatest risk of lipoprotein disorder is
what increases this risk? |
|
Definition
coronary astheroscerlosis
high LDL, high recpotrs |
|
|
Term
| primary disorder of hyperlipidemia |
|
Definition
| familial hypercholesterol |
|
|
Term
if homozygous for FH,ypu present in childhood with?
where?-4 |
|
Definition
xanthomas
but, knees, elbows, hands |
|
|
Term
| With homozygous HF TC is normally > ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the devastating condition of homozygous HF is?
when do you normally see symtomps of this? |
|
Definition
premature coronary atheroscelrosis
before puberty |
|
|
Term
| For patients with FH what 2 things need to be concering family? |
|
Definition
take family hisotry
mesaure cholesterol in parents/ 1st degree for homozygotes |
|
|
Term
| Confrim diagoniss of FH by-2 |
|
Definition
skin biopsy and measure LDL recptor
flow cytometry of recpotrs on lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| What is usually not doen with HF pateints bc so extensive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most prevelant cause of hypercholesterolemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 big things associated with obesity that causes dyslipidemia |
|
Definition
increase adipose mass
insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
| why does increasing insulin cause a problem in obesity? 1 |
|
Definition
| increases fatty acid synth in liver-> increase lipoporteins |
|
|
Term
| type 1 diabetes have mroe diabetic ketoacidosis which causes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if DM II is under control is there still usually dyslipidemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| insulin resitance and increased insulin causes what problems for diabetics? -4 |
|
Definition
decrease LPL (reduce catob of VLDL and chylo)
inc fFFA release from adipose
-incr liver synth of FFA
-inc liver synth of VLDL |
|
|
Term
| what causes dyslipidemia in hypothyropidism |
|
Definition
| decrease LDL recpotr activity-> dec clearence of LDL |
|
|
Term
| who shoudl be screened for hypothyroidism? |
|
Definition
| ALL ppl with high LDL, IDL, or TGs |
|
|
Term
| what 3 things are associated with low HDL |
|
Definition
| sedentary, smoking, oebsity |
|
|
Term
| how does nephrotic syndrome cause dyslipidemia-3 |
|
Definition
decrease clearenc eof VLDL
incr podcution of vldl
incease produciton of LDL |
|
|
Term
ESRD is caused by?
needs > ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lipid lowering drug cant be used with renal trnasplants? |
|
Definition
| HMG-coA reductase inhibitors (statins) |
|
|
Term
| how does hepatitis cause dyslipiedmia |
|
Definition
| increased VLDL (hyper TG) |
|
|
Term
Cholestasis has free cholesterol secreted with?
this can cause? |
|
Definition
LP-X
lesion in skin- xanthomas |
|
|
Term
Alcohol can cause increas ein?
Casues liver to screte more of what lipoprotein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regular consumption of alcohol can actually increase what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who and at what age should ppl be screen for dyslipiedmia? |
|
Definition
|
|
