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| first geological epoch. 5 mya-1.7mya |
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| 2nd epoch, 1.7mya- 10,ooo yrs |
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| 3rd epoch 10,000- present |
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| The first homenid we learned about. 5-2 mya. |
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| Early Austolipithicene. KEnya ethiopia. Shares traits with afarensis. Leaky. 4 MYA |
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| A. Afarensis 4 MYA. found at hadar ethiopia, footprints. |
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| Gracile Austro. 450 cm^3 brain. Ethiopia. Some tools found. 2.5-2.6 mya. |
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| Robust forms and A. Robustus |
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Big jaws and huge molars
southern africa, 2-1 MYA |
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| Mary Leaky in Olduvai gorge. 2.2-1MYA. 500 CM^3 |
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Slender, had some human feature but still had very ape-ish faces. Taung and Sterkfontein (south africa)
They came before robust. |
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| Aripithicus Ramadus (Ardi) |
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| 4.4 MYA. brain the size of modern chimp. Ethiopia. published differently than Austro. 300 CM^3 brain. one of the oldest homenids. |
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| Homo habilis Cranial capacity |
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| Sites and locations for H Habilis |
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East africa
Gona river: 2.6 MYA
Olduvai Gorge, tanzania DK 1.8 MYA and FLK 1.75 MYA.
Koobi Foora Kenya, FxJj50. 1.8 MYA |
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| FxJj Koobifora remains. Olduvai remains. (H. Habilis) |
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1400 flaked artifacts, 2100 bones from 20 animals.
Core and Flakes, Antelopes |
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| H Habilis characteristics of body, and behavior |
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| larger brain size reduction in teeth. communication. higher quality food, communication |
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| Robust. Found mary leakey olduvai gorge. 2.7 MYA Larger brain than austro. had tool making hands. |
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| home base theory, made by isaac. |
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| Isaac. Debris pattern of habilis is that of a D- orbital. Go out, and return to home. fixed pattern of debris. different from scavenging apes. |
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| Lewis Binford, sites were made my scavenging homenids, not hunters. |
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| made by Rick Plotts. stone tools are too heavy to carry around the savannah. they made caches where they dragged raw materials to the spot. |
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| Homo erectus (dates, location) |
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| 1.8 MYA, east africa. Random places in kenya (look in book) |
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| Homo Erectus was first to... |
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| of the homenids, it was the first to leave africa. could leave because of fire. kept them warm in cold climates. |
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| Locations and dates of "out of africa" h. erectus |
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Eurasia 1.8 MYA
Southwest asia 1.7 MYA
Indonesia 1.6 MYA
China 1.1 MYA |
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| 1000 cm^3 of brain capacity, very large. More human esq, but no chins or forehead. most complicated method of tool making amongst the homenids. Achuelean. |
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| Classic Neanderathals (time and brain size) |
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| 3-2.2 MYA, Gracile, south africa, Taung and Sterkfontien. |
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