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Exam 2
N/A
58
Education
Undergraduate 3
11/07/2012

Additional Education Flashcards

 


 

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Term
SLP-Speech and Language Pathologist
Definition
assess, diagnose, treat and help prevent disorders related to speech, language and cognitive commuication
Term
ASHA
Definition
American Speech and Hearing Association
Term
AAC-Augmentative and alternate communication
Definition
speech by individ is replaced with another form of communication (typed, sign, picture board)
Term
LD-Learning Disability
Definition
normal IQs, achievement problem
Term
RTI-Response to Intervention
Definition
use of evidence based classroom instruction
ensures high quality instruction before being identified
Term
BIP-Behavioral Intervention Plan
Definition
formal plan for students wo display challenging behavior
Term
FBA-Functional Behavioral Assessment
Definition
seriousness of problem, conditions it occurs (when, where), info on environment, setting demands, possible functions of behavior, analyze info, hypoth of function of behavior/plan for replacement, develop/implement BIP
Term
communication
Definition
forming, transmitting and comprehending messages
Term
language
Definition
formalized code a group of people use to communicate (what sounds mean)
Term
speech
Definition
production of sounds
Term
Component of Language- Form
Definition
phonology- rules that determine how sounds can be sequenced, which sounds are used, min unit that changes a word
morphology- meaning of sounds/sequences within words (un/pro), prefixes and suffixes
syntax- rules of grammar, how to combine words
Term
Component of Language- Content
Definition
semantics- rules for the meaning of words, generational differences
Term
Component of Language-Use
Definition
Pragmatics- rules for communication (socially acceptable), influence of context
Term
Communication Disorder
Definition
stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, voice impairment that adversely affects education
Term
Speech impairment-related to production of language, easiest to fix/outgrow
Definition
Voice- husky, hyper/hyponasality
Fluency- stuttering (block on sound), dont finish sentence
articulation-
*distortions- lisp
* omissions- pay for play
*additions- pulay for play
*substitutions- wed for red
Term
language disorder
Definition
Form-sentence structure and morphological endings
Content-vocab
Use-communicative function and conversational ability
Delay- Skills develop more slowly than expected but are even across areas and follow a typical sequence
Expressive- difficulty producing language
Receptive- have difficulty understanding language
Term
Dialect/ 2nd Language Acquisition
Definition
dialect- language patterns characterized by a certain group of people
Speech and lang differences based on D/2LA NOT disorders
person communicating in a way that is accepted by community?
Term
Dialect/ 2nd Language Acquisition
Definition
dialect- language patterns characterized by a certain group of people
Speech and lang differences based on D/2LA NOT disorders
person communicating in a way that is accepted by community?
Term
Teacher/SLP collaboration
Definition
teacher has more opportunity to reinforce the skills the SLP has targeted for the student
Term
IDEA definition of LD
Definition
-psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations.
*includes-brain injury, dyslexia
*doesn't include-learning problem that is result of visual, hearing,motor disabilities,mental retardation, emotional disturbance, or environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.
Term
IDEA definition of LD criticized because
Definition
Reference to basic psychological processes
Inclusion of spelling
Inclusion of obsolete terms
Wording of exclusionary clause- sounds like if I have these problems I can’t have a learning disability
Inconsistencies in application
Wait to fail approach
Term
Severe Discrepancy
Definition
unexpected difference between general ability and achievement (expected vs actual achievement)
-IQ test normal, below grade level academically (reading level)
Term
RTI Tiers
Definition
Primary- instruction for all students
Secondary-targeted instruction for those not achieving as expected
Tertiary- strategic/intense intervention for intensive needs
Term
RTI Models
Definition
Problem-Solving-individual tailored plans on case-by-case study
Standard Protocol-proscribed procedures to adress problems at each stage
Combination
Term
Academic Characteristics of LD
Definition
Reading Problems- ex. Phonological structure in oral language
Math- ex quick facts, word problems
Written expression- vocab, grammar, spelling, working memory (think of something to use later)
Attention problems- attention, finding whats important
Metacognitive deficits- thinking about thinking, read haven’t understood
Term
Social/Behavioral Characteristics of LD
Definition
social cues (sarcasm)
difficulty helping others
difficulty accepting authority
difficulty interacting
los social status
Term
"Big Ideas" in teaching LD student
Definition
-Beginning Reading- phonemic awareness, vocab/comprehen
-written expression in high school-plan, draft, revise/edit
-mediated scaffolding- instructional support until they can solve on their own (hints- fraction problem)
-judicious review- opportunity to apply info already taught, info integrated into complex tasks
-conspicuous strategy- steps used to accomplish a task/solve a problem- mnemonics, study skills, test taking
Term
Reaction to Simulation in Class, Strategies to eliminate
Definition
-stress, confusion, anger
- more time for responses, provide different way of looking at the problem, don't ask another student to "help"
Term
Outcomes for LD students
Definition
-higher dropout rate
-make more $ than non-LD first 4 years after high school, less after
-many not able to live on their own/be independent
Term
Major Issues Ass with Reading Difficulties
Definition
-higher risk for academic difficulty and drop out
-increased risk for referral
-preventable with proper instruction and support
Term
Attributes of good readers
Definition
-Phonological Awareness- listening skills(rhyming, blending)
-Word ID-letter sound patterns
-Fluency- reading accurately, quickly and with expression
-Vocab- knowing meaning of words
-Comprehension- understand what is read
Term
Stages of Reading
Definition
1. Prereading- ABCs, scribbling, symbols
2. initial- learning to read (Early Reader books)
3.conformation, fluency, ungluing from text (dont focus on individual letter sounds, combining skills
4.reading to learn- SS book
5. multiple viewpoints- perspective, c/c, this author v that
6. construction and reconstruction- research paper
Term
5 major components of reading instruction
Definition
•Phonological awareness
Listening skills (rhyming, blending, segmenting)
teaches students to manipulate letter sounds to form words
•Word identification
Letter sound patterns
•Fluency
Reading accurately, quickly and with expressions
•Vocab
Knowledge of the meaning of words
•Comprehension
Understanding what is read
Term
Strategy for teaching reading components
Definition
- P Awareness
teach students how to manipulate letter sounds to form words
-Word ID
common sight words, syllable patterns
-Fluency
appropriate text, not what you read but how (Popcorn)
-Vobac
interesting words with milage, everyday (connected) language, several contexts, several examples
-Comprehension
background knowledge, predict, clarify, summarize
Term
Characteristics of students with difficulties in math
Definition
Difficulty with word/multistep problems
Fails to verify, settles for first answer
Makes “borrowing” errors
Misaligns vertical columns
Disregards decimals
Term
Factors contributing to difficulties in math
Definition
Language difficulties
Problems with memory and executive function
Dyscalculia
Can be in math calculations/problem solving
Term
3 Key Areas in Math
Definition
-Numeration
understand numbers and relationships, numerical response makes sense?
-computation
efficient methods to develop mathematical fluency
-word problems
linguistic, semantic, schematic, strategic and procedural knowledge to solve
Term
Strategies for addressing math difficulties
Definition
-Numerical
does this make sense> why/why not?
-computation
D-discover sign
R-read the problem
A-answer/draw and check
W-write answer
-Word problems
State question
ID operation
Eliminate extra
steps involved
solve
check work
Term
Core Symptoms of ADHD
Definition
6+ symptoms, <6 months, maladaptive and inconsis with dev
before age 7
2+settings, sig impairment in school/work
not bc of some other condition
-inattention
-hyperactivity-impulsivity
Term
3 Types of ADHA
Definition
Inattention- only A1
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity- only A2
Combined- A1 and A2 met
Term
Common features of students with ADHD
Definition
-Behavioral
talking without permission, leaving assigned area, ODD(oppositional/defiant)
-Academic
low achievement tests, higher risk for: grade retention, dropping out, placement in sped
Social Difficulties-
difficulty developing/maintaining relationships, dont follow convo rules, engage in social situations awkwardly
Term
Class interventions for ADHD
Definition
-Environmental procedures
classroom set up
-instructional accommodations
teaching strategies (stop time), way of presenting info/ways students respond
-medical management
-planning
-self-regulation
strategies they can use themselves, set personal goals
-differentiating instruction
content, management, instruction, materials
Term
Controversy in stimulants for treating ADHD
Definition
use of medication increased dramatically, approx 3% of preschool/school age, students overmedicated?
Term
IDEA vs 504
Definition
IDEA-
adversely affects education
504- limits life activity
Term
Define and criticize EBD
Definition
- inability to maintain satisfactory relationships
what constitues satisfactory?
-inappropriate types of behavior/feelings
what does inappropriate look like?
-doesnt apply to "socially maladjusted"
how to tell difference bw socially maladjusted and emotional disturbance?
--teacher expectations/tolerances make ID difficult and subjective
Term
NMHSEC definition of ADHD
Definition
Behavioral or emotional responses different from appropriate age, cultural, or ethnic norms, adversely affect educational performance, including academic, social, vocational, or personal skills
-includes behav and emotional- can be combo or separate
-school centered, acknowledges it occurs elsewhere
-includes cult/ethnicity differences
Term
Impact of RTI in EBD
Definition
require systematic social and academic skills
school-wide system of positive behavior teaches appropriate behavior
proactive strategies to provide a positive, supportive, noncoercive environment promotes prosocial behav and academic achievement
Term
Methods to Assess EBD
Definition
-Clinically derived
personality oriented methods
Measure personality (how an individual thinks, behaves, and feels across situations and over time)
Rely on self-reporting, which can be more or less reliable

-Statistically derived
Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL)
Rating scales
Direct observation and measurement of behavior
Term
Maj Characteristics of EBD
Definition
-difficult est/maintaining relationships
-anti-social
-delinquency
-social skills deficits
Term
Prevalence of EBD
Definition
<1%
underidentified and underserved
A and N Americans overrepresented
>75% male
Term
Externalizing Behavior Problems
Definition
Hyper-Impuls
agression
lack self control/regulation
ODD
rule breaking
Term
Internalizing Behavioral Problems
Definition
social withdrawal
anxiety
depression
eating disorders
Term
Ethic/Gender difference in Suicide
Definition
4x more males complete
3x more females try
more white than AA
NA has highest
Term
Warning Signs of Suicide Attempt
Definition
depression
previous attempts
talking about
alcohol/drug abuse
giving away possessions
Term
Curric goals for EBD
Definition
-Social
cooperation skills, appropriate ways of expressing feelings
-academic skills
high Active Student Response, direct instruction, teacher praise
-behav management
school-wide expectations, positive proactive class management
-self-management
self monitoring/evaluation
Term
Key Interventions for EBD
Definition
-Academic
guided by FBA, consider difficulty, instruct modificatoins, learnign strategies, provide choices
-S/B
token economy- reward appropriate behav, ignore inapprop, model skills, opportunities for them to practice, feedback/reinforcement, alternative behaviors
Term
Corporal Punishment in EBD
Definition
Punishment, especially corporal should be avoided
restraint only by trained personel
Term
Behav I see as most difficult
Definition
-agression
-ODD
-noncompliance
--power struggles
*token economy
*positive feedback
*dont overreact, positive model for students
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