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concepts people consider to be true;
how the world works;
how someone fits into relationship with others;
blind faith, experience, or in science
ex: shaving armpits |
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everything; way of life of a people;
human strategies to adjust to surroundings
ex: eat fish cuz live near ocean, phones, transport |
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norms, details that apply to everyday life
ex:when and what to eat/how to greet;
Koreans don't pass food to eat other they reach across table |
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"intangible" human creations that can be identified through senses;
ex: korean women use to towel to just dry off, american women use it to also cover themselves |
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groups that share parts of dominant culture, but have their own distinct values, norms, symbols, language and beliefs;
ex: South Korea-haenyeo(women of the sea) 5000 females who live with their fams that free dive for food |
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| counterculture definition |
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reject dominant cultures values, norms, symbols, and beliefs;
think system is broken |
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| counterculture categories |
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1)communication utopians: live in separate community
2)mystics: "truth for them and themselves" -disgard society
ex: Buddhist monks
3)Radical activists: preach, create, and demand new order- want to change society
ex: Gay Games-reject male-female skating rules |
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| what someone experiences when they reorient themselves to the new ways of a culture |
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symbol system involving use of sounds, gestures(signing), and/or characters (letters) to convey meaning
ex:
american:name first/subject-verb-object
korean:last name first/subject-object-verb |
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written & unwritten rules that specify behaviors appropriate or inappropriate to social situations
ex:
written:no smoking signs
unwritten: wash hands before cooking |
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folkways: frowned upon/ slap on wrist
mores: punished severely; prison, death, mental hospital... |
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critical to well being of group
ex: stealing, killing |
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general conception of what's good, right, appropriate
ex: bathing, present ourselves |
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one culture finds another offensive, so intolerable they attempt to destroy it
ex: Japan->Korea |
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idea, invention, or other item is borrowed from a foreign culture
ex:religion/car/basketball-americans and korean from korean war |
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"object" to which people have attached meaning
ex: plants/trees/minerals/cars/computers |
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culture shock in reverse; experienced when returning home
ex: military |
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foreign culture should not be judged by home culture;
behavior must be explained in cultural context-values, norms, beliefs..;
ex:eating dogs |
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uses one culture (norm. standard culture) as standard of living;
ex: eating dog is weird to americans
eating cow is weird to koreans |
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sensations we experience in relationships with others
ex:empathy, grief, love, guilt, jealousy... |
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situations when aspects of the material culture advance faster than the nonmaterial culture
ex: invitro;laws |
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significant others, primary groups, in-groups, and institutions shape our sense of self
(forces that teach us about and how to react to environment)
shape our sense of self |
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experiences shared and recalled by significant numbers of people;
memories and shared, passed on
ex: stories, holidays, rituals, monuments |
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forms of communication designed to reach audiences
ex: magazines, newspapers, tv, web, radio |
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| Mead: process of stepping into another person's shoes; POV |
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people or characters who are important in an individuals life that influence person's self-evaluation or motivate how they behave
ex: cartoon character, parent, family pet |
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changes over time that were once unheard of
ex: women’s suffrage (to vote) the idea now of women not voting is unimaginable-industrial revolution |
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any action that requires people to interpret its meaning before responding
ex: language-interpretation-words, facial expression, posture |
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in-group: group to which a person belongs, identifies, admires, and/or feels loyalty
out-group: any group to which a person does not belong |
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nature: human genetic makeup or biological inheritance;
plays little part in who someone is
ex: tall/short
nurture: social environment, or the interaction experiences that make up every individual;
how their raised, language |
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| gestures that convey the same meaning to the person transmitting them to receiving them |
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system of expected behaviors, meanings, and viewpoints that transcend those of the people participating
ex:ability to live in society- school, work, home |
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| sense of self develops, enabling one to see oneself reflected to another person |
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social group that has face-to-face contact and strong emotional ties among its members
ex: military, family,
harmony and love can unite as well as hatred |
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| develop a sense of self and learn the ways of the society in which they live |
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| people take as their own and accept as the biding the norms, values, beliefs and language that people try to pass on to them |
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so much borrowing it starts to look the same
ex: the world may eventually do this completely |
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| break with ways and behavior and replacing them with new ways of behaving or thinking |
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people surrender control of their lives to help with their daily lives
ex: blind, elderly, orphans, prisons |
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monkeys put in artificial environment;
simulated mothers- one had fur but no milk, the other had milk but mesh; when scared they ran to the mom with fur |
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| The term used by sociologists to refer to a sizable segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differ from the pattern of the larger society would be: |
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| What term used by sociologists describes the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group and society to society? |
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| (T\F) Language is an example of a cultural universal: |
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| The relative importance of cultural and biological factors in the socialization process is referred to as the debate over: |
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