Term
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Definition
between infancy and preschool
1-3 |
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Term
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Definition
cognitive development is at the end of the sensory motor stage.
Toddlers can use symbols |
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Term
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Definition
Anal stage:
Pleasure derived from controlling bowels
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Term
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Definition
Autonomy vs. Shame& Doubt
Toddler realizes he is his own person with his own desires and abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies |
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Term
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Definition
| What parents are doing (rules and regulations) |
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Term
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Definition
Piaget proposed
- the child is active and trying to understand socialization |
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Term
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Definition
| Self contained play; oblivious to others |
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Term
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Definition
| play with peers but more side by side and not interacting |
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Term
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Definition
proposed by piaget
-changes in thinking organize conservation is achieved |
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Term
| Social interactive/ cooperative play |
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Definition
end of toddlerhood
actual interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Emerging awareness of ones own and other people mental process |
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Term
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Definition
| Knowing that basic physical dimensions remain the same despite superficial changes |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to distinguish someone else's viewpoint from ones own |
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Term
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Definition
| inanimate objects have lifelike qualities |
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Term
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Definition
| focus only on one aspect of a stimulus and neglect other important features |
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Term
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Definition
| tend to link events together in a causal relationship |
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Term
Preschool stage
(erickson stage) |
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Definition
initiative vs. guilt
3-6
children assert power and control through directing play and social interactions |
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Term
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Definition
Independence is important in this stage
Children assertive and take initiative
Eager for responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
how you view yourself
- the sum total of attitudes, abilities and attributes that an individual believes defines who he/ she is |
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Term
| self esteem in preschoolers |
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Definition
| rate abilities extremely high and underestimate how difficult tasks actually are |
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Term
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Definition
power assertive
love withdrawal
inductive reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
parent rely on their overwhelming power over child and child's fear
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Term
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Definition
| Rely on child's fear that they may lose parents' love |
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Term
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Definition
| parents use reasoning and explanations to make child realize the harmful consequences of what they have done |
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Term
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Definition
| process of developing gender roles or gender linked preferences valued by the larger society |
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Term
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Definition
the knowledge that one is either boy or girl
-have sense by 2 or 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| ideas about how boys and girls are supposed to act |
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Term
| Freud Psychoanalytic Theory |
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Definition
| identification with same-sex parent |
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Term
Social Cognitive Theory
(gender typing) |
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Definition
-differential reinforcement: reinforcement of sex typed behavior
-observational learning: children watch peers and parents and imitate what they deem okay |
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Term
Cognitive Developmental Theory
(gender typing) |
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Definition
children try to be consistent with their understanding of gender
- gender constancy: gender is stable despite outward changes |
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Term
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Definition
organized sets of beliefs and expectations about male and female schemas that influence the child
in group/out group |
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Term
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Definition
| things that children do that cross yet strengthen gender boundaries |
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Term
Middle Childhood
(Physical Growth) |
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Definition
Ages 6-12
2-3 inches and 5-7 pounds a year
large muscle coordination
hand eye coordination
Fine motor development |
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Term
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Definition
BMI greater than 30
current weight is 20% higher than the ideal weight for your height
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Term
| Percentage of Adults overweight/obese |
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Definition
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Term
| Concrete Operational Period |
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Definition
Thinking is more logical, flexible, and organized
Conservation is achieved
Classification skills are improved
Organizational skills further develop
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Term
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Definition
| focus mental resources on select information |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to think of your own thinking and own knowledge |
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Term
| Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence |
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Definition
Analytic Intelligence
Creative Intelligence
Practical Intelligence |
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Term
| Gardner's Multiple Intelligence |
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Definition
Linguistic Intelligence
Logical/ Mathematical
Musical
Spacial
Naturalist
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Kinesthetic |
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Term
| 5 psychosocial challenges of middle childhood |
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Definition
1. Challenge of industry vs. inferiority
2. school
3. knowing who you are
4.peer relationships
5. family relationships |
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Term
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Definition
a sense of competence, mastery of new skills
achieve to the best of ones ability
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Term
Peer relationships in middle childhood
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Definition
most interactions occur in groups
ages 7-11 children interact with peers more than 40% of the day |
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Term
Popular-social
(behavioral characteristic)
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Definition
| interpersonal skills, communicates well with peers, sensitive, friendly and confident |
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Term
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Definition
sense of belongingnes
shape definition of self
opportunities for learning and practicing skills |
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Term
Popular-antisocial
(behavioral characteristic) |
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Definition
| highly skilled socially, belligerent and mean |
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Term
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Definition
| hostile and disruptive, also positive and social |
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Term
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Definition
| uninvolved and appear shy |
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Term
| neglected children behavior |
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Definition
| uninvolved and appear shy |
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Term
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Definition
| well organized conception of the self, made up of values, beliefs, and goals to which the individual is committed |
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Term
| Achieving ethnic ID occurs in 3 stages |
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Definition
less interest/ disinterest
exploration
achievement |
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Term
| Stages of Identity formation (Marcia) |
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Definition
1. identity achievement
2. identity morartorium
3. identity foreclosure
4. identity diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
highest/end stage
completed the exploration of identity and made own educational and occupational choices |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| choosing educational and occupational goals that have been chosen by others |
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Term
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Definition
| people arent committed to any values or goals and arent working to find them. no direction |
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Term
| Kohlberg 3 levels of moral reasoning |
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Definition
preconventional
conventional
postconventional |
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Term
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Definition
morality is externally controlled
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Term
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Definition
realize rules of society are important
-internalize morals given by others |
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Term
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Definition
| recognize rules are important; question rules and understand there can be circumstances that change things |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of biological processes that change the immature child into a sexually mature person |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Primary Sexual Characteristics |
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Definition
| involve reproductive organs directly |
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Term
| secondary sexual characteristics |
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Definition
| external physical changes that help distinguish male from female |
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Term
| During Puberty Piaget says adolescence shift to this form of thinking |
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Definition
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Term
| Development of Frontal lobe |
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Definition
| improves reasoning, judgment, and planning |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that one's behavior is the subject of constant public attention |
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Term
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Definition
| the thought that one's thoughts, beliefs, and feelings are unique |
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Term
| Age adolescence start dating |
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Definition
13-14 (girls)
14-15 (boys) |
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Term
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Definition
| What and how we learn about sexuality and sexual relationships |
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