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Definition
| a neutral stimulus that, after repeated paring with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes associated with it and elicits a conditioned response ex- salivation, startle response, contraction of pupil, eyeblink response |
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| a unlearned response ex - salivation to food |
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| the learned response that comes to be elicited by a conditioned stimulus as a result of its repeated pairing with a unconditioned stimulus |
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| a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another. |
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| a stimulus that elicits a specific unconditional response without prior learning. ex - food, loud noise, light in the eye, puff of air in the eye |
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| Higher-order conditioning |
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| conditioning that occurs when conditioned stimuli are linked together to form a series of signals |
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| the reappearance of an extinguished response (in a weaker form) when an organism is exposed to the original conditioned stimulus following a rest period |
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| Generalization vs. discrimination |
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Definition
| in classical conditioning, the tendency to make a conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus VS. the leaned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli so that the conditioned response occurs only to the original conditioned stimulus but not to similar stimuli |
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| a type of learning in which the frequency of a voluntary behavior changes because of the consequences that the behavior produces |
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| used a cat in a puzzle box as his test subject. when the cat pressed a button the door would open to reveal food. eventually that cat learned to immediately press the button when placed in the box |
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| an operant conditioning technique that consists of gradually molding a desired behavior by reinforcing any movement in the direction of the desired response, thereby gradually guiding the response toward the ultimate goal |
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| Primary vs. secondary reinforcers |
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| Watson & Rayner (1920) “Little Albert & the White Rat” |
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| Conditioning & drug addiction |
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| Learned taste aversions (“scapegoats”) |
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| Extinction (continuous vs. partial reinforcement) |
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