Anoxia=

umbillical cord wraps around baby's neck; lack of oxygen to baby before, during, immediately after birth. = Cerebral Palsy.

inheritance where recessive gene is carried on the X chromosome

1 in 4 kids affected

25% risk Male Affected

25% risk Female is carrier

causes: diabetes insipidus, hemophilia, Duchenne's musclular distropy

Recessive Inheritance=

both alleles are expressed in phenotype in both parents, usually unaffected carry the normal gene (N) that precedes over its faulty counterpart (r)

1 in 4 kids affected

 25% double dose

2kids=carrier

 50% carriers

1kid=normal

25% non affected

Diseases: cystic fibrosis, PKU, sickle cell anemia, Tay Sachs

Dominant Inheritance=

one allele is shown

both parents share a faulty gene

Disease: Huninghton's Disease appears @35yrs

Affects 2 in 4 kids     50%

2=normal

2=carriers

affects 21st chromosome pair

an extra X on it

most prevalent chromosomal disorder

XYY Syndrome=

affects 23rd chrom. pair

Has: LARGE TEETH, Tall, bad acne

sperm and ova cells called gametes are formed. Each pair of chromosomes is halved, an exchange of genes btwn chromosomes that are next to each other occurs; crossing over and random sorting = variability among offspring.

chemical substance that makes up chromosomes

each chromosome has thousands of genes

genes=basic units of heredity

Girls carry____________

Boys carry__________ & ___________

On the ________ pair

also known as the _______ pair

One X and one Y chromosome

23rd pair

Sex pair

1. already have a child with a genetic disorder

2. those from same genetic stock (1st cousins) whose ancestors are from regions of specific genetic disorders

3. family member with a genetic problem(s)

4. previous spontaneous abortions 

5. history of infertility

6.  women over age 34, men over age 44

Males produce over_____ sperm per day,

but only ____ to ____ reach ovum.

300 million sperm per day

only 300 to 500 reach ovum

where fertilized egg (zygote) is transferred to uterus

more than 50%= multiple births

ZIFT=

Zygote

Intra

Fallopian

Transfer

-feritilized egg (zygote) is transferred to the fallopian tube

Gamete

Intra

Fallopian

Transfer

-seperate gametes are transferred to the fallopian tube

Period of Embryo begins in __ week.

3 cell layers form;

1.

2.

3.

Period of Embryo begins in 3rd week

3 cell layers form:

1. ectoderm: skin and nervous system

2. mesoderm: muscles, skeleton, circulatory system

3. endoderm: lungs, urinary tract, glands, digestive system and other internal organs

-1-3 weeks

-finger like villa are sent out for development of placenta

allows food and oxygen to developing organism

gets rid of waste

38 weeks

gr8 rates of body growth

3rd mo. fingernails, eye lids, thumb sucking appears

17-20 weeks baby movement can be felt

age of viability= 22-26 weeks

eyelids

fingernails

thumb sucking

1. uterine contractions dilate cervix send baby to birth canal

2. baby head appears at opening of birth canal, each contraction stretches cervix and baby is propelled farth along

3. placenta seperates from uterine wall and is expelled from mother's body 

maternity blues- temporary, affects 70% of women, sadness, irritablility, crying

postpartum depression-severe depression, lasts several months, affects 10-15% f

postpartum psychosis- most severe mood/thot pathology, 5-7% suicide risk, 50% chronic disability, .5%=long term inpatient care, schizophrenia, hallucinations...

 infant's color, breathing, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone.

scale=0-2 per each

score 7-10 good health

loss of support, loud noise

=baby fling arms legs out, arch back in embracing position; goes away @ 6mos

place finger in babys palm and press

baby grasps your finger

duration disappearance: 3-4mos

put finger in baby's mouth

baby automatically, rhythmically sucks

duration: turns voluntary after 4mos

stroke cheek of infant near corner of mouth

baby's head turns toward stimulation

duration: after 3 weeks (=voluntary)

20/600

-leading cause of death w/in 1st yr

-abnormal cardiac & respitory functioning controlled by brain stem

Baby communicates by_______

Parents learn to_______ each of them.

-excellent hearing

-distinguish odors and tastes

-can see but not too well 20/600

-sensitive to touch

@ 38 mos

baby sex determined by 12th week

17-20 mos movement can be felt

survival age= 22-26 weeks

Fetal monitoring

rate of brain damage and death in healthy ones.

-GIFT

-ZIFT

-adoption

-artificial insemmination

-surrogate mothers

-embryo transplant

-more women w/ personal and financially successful careers

-older 1st time moms

Mitosis: splitting DNA ladder, replicates itself when e/ base pair meets up w/new mate inside cell cytoplasm

Meosis: e/ pair of chrom. divides, 23 in e/ ova & sperm, chrom.=1/2'd and crossing over occurrs w/ random sorting=variability among offspring

-diabetes insipidus

-duchenne's muscular distrophy

-hemophelia

-cystic fibrosis

-PKU

-sickle cell anemia

-Tay Sachs