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| any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about through experience |
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stimulus that can elicit a response without learning
meat |
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unlearned, inborn reaction to a unconditioned stimulus
salvation |
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stimulus that comes to elicit responses as a result of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
bell/metronome |
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response that is the same/similar to unconditioned response that comes to be elicited by a conditioned stimulus
salivating as a result of the bell/metronome |
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| form of learning in which previously neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus, is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit the same response as the original unconditioned response |
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process of eliminating a classically conditioned response by pairing the conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus with a response stronger than the conditioned response
rat+cookies |
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| learning by means of consequences |
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| any consequence of behavior that leads to the increase of the probability of its occurrence |
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| biologically wired, not acquired through learning hunger, thirst, sleep, avoidance of pain |
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learned positive reinforcers
allowance, later curfew |
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positively reinforcing behaviors
skinner box-->animal shocking device |
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| reinforcement by means of taking something away |
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operant conditioning in which the behavior is reinforced ecause it causes a negative event to cease
mom lets kid out of time out when he cries-->kid more likely to cry next time out |
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operant conditioning in which behavior is reinforced because it prevents something negative from happening
you get bit by dog-->wall a diff route next time to avoid dog |
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| tendency for responses to occur more often in the presence of one stimuli than others |
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| someone afraid of mice may also be afraid of rats, gerbils, hampsters |
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| partial reinforcement effect |
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| responses reinforced on variable ratio/interval schedules are more difficult to extinguish |
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| form of cognitive change that involves recognition of previously unseen relationships |
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| learning by means of problem solving and trial & error |
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| learning by observing others imitation |
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| seeing the one your modeling receive positive reinforcement more likely to mimic |
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| seeing the one your modeling receive negative reinforcement less likely to mimic |
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| food poisoned-->won't eat that food again negative resopnse |
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internal condition that activates and gives direction to our thoughts, feelings, actions |
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positive or negative feelings generally in reaction to stimuli that are accompanied by pysiological behavior |
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internal body mechanisms that sense biological imbalances and simulate actions to restore the proper balance |
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the part of the forebrain involved with motives, emotions, nd the functions of the autonomice nervous system |
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| external cues that active motives |
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| hormones help regulate the activity of the other glands in the endocrine system |
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motives related to individual's happiness and well being
not survival |
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| new or changed experiences |
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| the apparent human need for a comfortable level of stimulation, achieved by acting in ways that increase or decrease it |
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effective performance is more likely if the level of arousal is suitable for the activity
what i said to alex in the email |
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| the need to be with people and to have relationships |
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| the psychological need in humans for success |
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| opponent-process theory of motivation |
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| solomon's theory of learning motives based on changes over time in contrasting feelings |
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internal
inherent
biologically wire
NO OUTSIDE MOTIVES |
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| Maslow's hierarchy of motives |
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self trancendency
self esteem
love and belongingness
safety
biological |
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conscious emotional experiences are caused by feedback to the cerebral cortex from pysiological reactions and behavior |
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conscious emotional experiences and physiological reactions and behavior are relatively independent |
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| cognitive theory of emotion |
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| cognitive interpretation of events in the outside world and stimuli from our own bodies is the key factor in emotions |
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