Term
| Basic Principles of Sensation |
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Definition
| light sounds pressure taste |
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Term
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Definition
| Absolute: minimal to detect stimulus; Difference: minimum difference to detect 50% of time; Signal detection Theory: predict how and when; Weber's Law: perceive difference by constant proportion; Sensory adaptation: diminished sensitivity with constant stimulation |
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Definition
| a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy |
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| a process of organizing and interpreting sensroy information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events ; selective attention focus on conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
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Definition
| adjustable opening in the center of the eye |
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Definition
| a ring of muscle that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening |
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| transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape to focus images on the retina |
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Definition
| inner surface of eye; light sensitive; contains rods and cones; layers of neurons; beginning of visual information processing |
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Definition
| information processing guided by higher level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations |
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Definition
| analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information |
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Definition
| a tone's highness of lowness depending on frequency |
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Definition
| hearing loss caused by damage to the conchlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerve |
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Definition
| hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sounds waves to the cochlea |
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Definition
| the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain (open by small nerve fibers; clos by activity in large fibers) |
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Definition
| study of the relationship btwn physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them (light, sounds, pressure, taste) |
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Definition
| dimension of color determined by wavelength of light |
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Definition
| amount of energy in a wave determined by amplitude |
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Definition
| focus on a certain thing (figure) and everything else is background (ground) |
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| proximity (nearby together), similarity, continuity (continuous patterns), closure (fill in), connectedness (spots lines and areas seen as a unit) |
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Definition
| an organized whole with a tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes |
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| a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
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Definition
| organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings |
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Definition
| neuromuscular cue where two eyes move inward for near objects |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to see objects in three dimensions and allow to judge distance |
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Term
| relative size and interposition |
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Definition
| smaller images more distant; closer object blocks distant object |
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Definition
| images from the two eyes differ; closer the object, the larger the disparity |
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| relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience (experience is the key to learning) |
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| learn unintentionally. (mom does laundry and see her do it so when you have to do it you can but were never sat down and taught) |
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Definition
| acquisition of specific responses or behavior |
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| interested in the learning of cognitions and expectancies |
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| addresses the changes that learning produces in the brain |
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Definition
| learning by reinforcement "skinner box" (operant response and extinction) |
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Term
| Pavlov and Pavlov's dog experiment |
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Definition
| Russian physician/ neurophysiologist studied digestive secretions; learn to associate two stimuli; ring bell when food given to dog--> salivation ; eventually ring bell w/o food and still salivate |
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Term
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Definition
| Unconditional stimulus (food shock) Unconditional Response (Salivation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditioned Stimulus: a neutral stimulus at the beginning of the experiment (ring of the bell) |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditioned Response: salivation occurs in response to the ringing of the bell |
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Term
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Definition
| any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
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| conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal |
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Term
| Successive approximations |
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Definition
| reward behaviors that increasingly resemble desired behavior |
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