-something tangible you don't have to share (ex. money)

-personal incentive to participate b/c you might receive benefit you don't have to share

-Something produced by the policy process that is shared

-Ex. clean air, water, better public education funding

-idea that you can run a shocking ad one time and you will get publicity 

-sound bites

-Selecting a group that doesn't represent the rest of the population

-Selecting a group that isn't the entire population

-ex. Great Depression and asking about cars, phones

-Somebody giving an opinion they don't necessarily have

-Ex. Black person asking a white person about black candidate, may speak favorably of them even if they don't particularly like the candidate

-in relation to Clinton administration

-as impressions and scandal info comes, administration debunks and tries to stop it

-Journalists' feelings that they are fooled

-Uncover scandals

-Want to make whoever is in power look bad and themselves look good

-Single Member Simple Plurality

-system for electing members of congress, except senators

-Don't need majority winner, just plurality winner

-Political Action Committees

-direct contributions from corporations outlawed

-general funds outlawed

-had to create separate PACs to raise $$ on their own

-limits on how much they can give each candidate

-A whole set promises about what they would do once they got elected

-Ex. 1994 republican elections 

-can have minority party that's still in the government

-Loyal in the sense that it's still part of the system

-Legitimates the system; still have voice in Congress

-Allows people who disagree to still participate (somewhat limited)

-Allows for a nonviolent avenue of public expression

-idea that people are more skeptical of government in general and it's not out to protect their interests

-don't think vote matters because parties will do what they want

-percentage of error that you would expect to be accurate

-ex. with 95% confidence, result of poll is within 2%

-idea that over time we become a less engaged group as a country

-measured by membership in social groups

-high social capital=more members

-low social capital=fewer members

-level of how engaged and social people are

-a group of like-minded people who organize in an attempt to win elections

-take control of government

-make public policy

-protect democracy

-organize government

-simplify the voting process

-most democratic countries have

-5-10% of vote, 5-10% of representatives

-purpose not to win elections, to promote ideology

-libertarian

-socialist parties

-geared towards particular issue

-ex. Prohibition

-break off of a main party due to an intense policy

-ex. Bull Moose Progressive Party- formed by Teddy Roosevelt in 1912. Offshoot of Republican party dealing with his opposition of William Howard Taft

-ex. Dixiecrat founded by Strom Thurmond

- ex.  American independent party-founded by George Wallace (former gov. of Alabama) in 1968 to oppose desegregation and bussing, crime, welfare, fed gov. size

-there for the purpose of being covered by the media

-ex. Town Hall events, John Kerry hunting prior to 2004 election to come across as someone who is more relatable

-legal to limit campaign donations? 

-legal to limit how much can be spent on donations? -can limit incoming donations

-can't limit amount a campaign spends once it has the money

-don't really try to find public's opinion

-present 1 sided info

-ask question & answer is obvious

-try to push someone to support a candidate

-introduce something negative about a candidate

1. Election is clean (no voter fraud)

2. Good turnout (participation, believing election is legitimate)

3. Information (inform people on candidates and issues

4. Absence of demagoguery (campaign that appeal to people based on reasons/issues not based on personal prejudices)

5. Effect (once person is in office, they do what they say. need connection)