Term
| The height of water in a river that will cause substantial damage or threaten human health and safety is the river's |
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Definition
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Term
| the height of water in a river at a given location and a given time is the river's |
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Definition
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Term
| when water reaches the tops of the riverbanks, the river is at |
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Definition
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Term
| true or false: the 100 year floor occurs only once every 100 years |
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Definition
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Term
| if someone tells you they live on the 100 year-flood plain, they are reporting the frequency to you using the |
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Definition
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Term
| true or flase, upstream floods occure in the headwaters, downstream floods occur where the river flattens out |
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Definition
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Term
| a person living along fishing creek (or another steep-sided, narrow, river valley) should expect what related to flooding |
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Definition
| the house may be destroyed but the total value of all flood destruction in the valley would be relatively low |
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Term
| true or false: the susquehannah valley is subject to downstream floods |
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Definition
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Term
| How should the stream hydrograph be labeled? |
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Definition
1. discharge
2. time
3. lag time |
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Term
| a stream hydrograph is useful because ( 3 reasons) |
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Definition
1. hydrologists use year-long stream hydrographs to determine annual peak flow and calculate the flood reccurence interval level
2. stream hydrographs can shouw us how urbanization changes stream behavior
3. a person worried about flooding could look at the stream by hydrograph online to find out what the stream discharge is |
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Term
| how would restoring wetlands to a stream affect the stream hydrograph? |
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Definition
| lower the peak and spread it out |
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Term
| what are 3 results of stream channelization? |
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Definition
| 1. increase gradient, 2. increased velocity, 3. straightened stream channel |
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Term
true or false: channelization decreases the velocity of water in the stream providing resting places for aquatic organisms |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following is a primary effect of flooding? |
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Definition
1. sediment erosion
2. water pollution
3. fire
4. disease |
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Term
nonstructural approach to controlling flood plain damage and can either encourage floodplain construction or discourage it, depending on how it's used |
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Definition
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Term
involves trapping water before it flows to a river or stream, giving it a chance to infiltrate into the ground |
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Definition
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Term
| flood control measure that reduces damage by giving the flood water more room to flow onto the riverbanks |
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Definition
river channel restoration
or zoning |
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Term
effect that would tend to reduce flood damage costs |
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Definition
levees can hold back higher stream levels (up to a point), protecting a community from flooding |
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Term
which of the following would increase flood damage?
1. sediment-free floodwaters
2. zoning laws limiting development on the floodplain
3. increasing population density
4. effective flood forecasting and emergency management plans |
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Definition
increasing population density |
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Term
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Definition
small particle of an element that still retains all the properties of an element |
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Term
electrons are shared in this type of bond |
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Definition
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Term
rust or rusty color on a mineral or rock tells us that the mineral or rock contains |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a rock that has changed its form due to heat and pressure |
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Term
any type of rock can be turned into sediment by
1. uplift, weathering, transport and deposition
2. burial, with increased heat and pressure
3. cooling and solidifacation
4. cementation and compaction |
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Definition
1. uplift, weathering, transport and deposition |
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Term
processes in the rock cycle such as uplift, cooling, or increasing heat and pressure are associated with what cycle |
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Definition
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Term
silicate minerals are the most abundant of the rock-forming minerals. what two elements must be present to call a mineral a silicate mineral? |
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Definition
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Term
rock type that is strongest (for engineering/building applications)? |
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Definition
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Term
which of these is not one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust?
a. iron
b. aluminum
c. oxygen
d. silicon |
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Definition
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Term
| About how much of the Earth is covered by sedimentary rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
The mineral family that makes up most of the crust and mantle? |
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Definition
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Term
Which element tends to make acid when mixed with water? |
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Definition
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Term
granite
example of what type of rock |
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Definition
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Term
sandstone
example of what type of rock |
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Definition
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Term
marble
is a good example of a |
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Definition
| non-foliated metamorphic rock |
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Term
| rock that tends to be strong because of interlocking crystals and lack of weak zones |
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Definition
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Term
rock that tends to be weak because
it dissolves easily |
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Definition
chemical sedimentary rock |
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