Shared Flashcard Set

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exam 2
bs
30
Business
Undergraduate 4
03/18/2010

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
groupthink
Definition
the tendency of highly cohesive groups to actively engage in perceptual errors and reach premature conclusions
Term
Tuckman’s 5 stage model of group development
Definition
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
Term
Punctuated equilibrium model
Definition
groups do not necessarily progress linearly from one step to another in a predetermined sequence. They alternate between periods of inertia with little visible progress toward goal achievement punctuated by bursts of energy as work groups develop.
Term
Group
Definition
2 or more people with common interests, objectives, and continuing interaction
Term
work team
Definition
group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common mission, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable
Term
functional work team
Definition
members work together daily on similar tasks and must coordinate their efforts
Term
problem solving team
Definition
members focus on a specific issue, develop potential solution and often are empowered to take action
Term
cross-functional team
Definition
members from various work areas who identify and solve mutual problems
Term
norms of behavior
Definition
the standards that a work group uses to evaluate the behavior of its members
Term
psychological intimacy
Definition
emotional and psychological closeness to other team or group members
Term
integrated involvement
Definition
closeness achieved through tasks and activities
Term
task functions
Definition
to manage the integrated work activities teams undertake an activity directly related to the effective completion of a team’s work
Term
maintenance functions
Definition
an activity essential to effective, satisfying interpersonal relationships within a team or group
Term
examples of task functions
Definition
seeking info, giving info, initiating activities, elaborating concepts, coordinating activities, summarizing ideas, diagnosing problems
Term
examples of maintenance functions
Definition
supporting others, following others' leads, setting standards, expressing member feelings, consensus testing, reducing tension
Term
process issues in work teams
Definition
managing competitive behaviors, managing cooperative behaviors
Term
structural issues in work teams
Definition
goals and objectives, operating guidelines, performance measures, specification of roles
Term
motivation
Definition
the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior
Primarily we should be focused on 3 elements of motivation: the choice/direction of behavior, the level of effort, the level of persistence
Term
motivation theories
Definition
internal- focuses on variables within the individual, process- emphasizes nature of interaction between individual and environment, external- focuses on environment
Term
Maslow's Need Hierarchy
Definition
The theory that behavior is determined by a progression of physical, social, and physiological needs by higher order needs
physiological-safety and security-love-esteem-self actualization
Term
McGregor's theory x and y
Definition
x- a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals who are motivated by lower order needs (you believe that employees are mainly focused on work as means to satisfy lower order needs)
y- higher order needs
Term
McClelland's needs theory
Definition
Need for achievement, need for power, need for affiliation
Term
motivation and hygiene factors
Definition
M- a work condition related to satisfaction of the need for psychological growth; H- related to dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain
Term
inequity
Definition
the situation in which a person perceives he or she is receiving less than he/she is giving, or is giving less than he/she is receiving
Negative inequity: person outcomes/inputs < comparison other outcomes/inputs; Positive inequity: person outcomes/inputs > comparison other outcomes/inputs
Term
strategies to restore equity
Definition
rationalize the inequity, change who the comparison other is, alter the your outcomes, alter the your inputs, alter the comparison other’s outcomes, alter the comparison other’s inputs (steal their work), leave the organizational situation
Term
expectancy theory
Definition
valence- the value one places on a particular reward
expectancy- the belief that efforts lead to performance
instrumentality- the belief that performance is related to rewards
Term
operant conditioning
Definition
modifying behavior through the use of positive/negative consequences following specific behaviors
Term
characteristics of effective goals
Definition
specific ,measurable, time bound, prioritized, “stretch goals”
Term
management by objectives
Definition
A goal setting program based on interaction and negotiation between employees and managers
Term
central ingredients in a goal setting program
Definition
planning- organization and individual goal setting; insure a system or process is in place that will insure performance and progress is monitored
Execution and evaluation- provide real time access to performance or progress results during the evaluation period; interim reviews of goal progress, conducted by managers and employees; formal performance evaluation
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