Term
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Definition
Immunocompetent or immunocompromised.
DX: oocysts in sample |
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Term
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Definition
| dehydration, peaks in winter, and new vaccine for kids (RotaTeq), and wheel shaped "rota" |
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Term
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Definition
| Projectile vomiting and watery diarrhea, Airborne transmission, get on cruise ships, and shaped like a "calici" or cup |
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Term
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Definition
| dsDNA, "sputnik virus" shape, Gastroenteritis- serotypes 40,41,42 |
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Term
| Acute Diarrhea with Vomiting |
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Definition
| preformed toxin, intoxication NOT infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Staph enterogtoxin= VF, food that has been left out for too long |
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Term
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Definition
| "Fried Rice", Two exotoxins one cause diarrhea and one cause vomitting |
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Term
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Definition
| flatulence with greasy, malodorous stool. Get it from WATER. "Beaver Fever", recognized with parasite with TWO eyespots |
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Term
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Definition
| Bloody diarrhea, also called Non-Bacillary dysentery, Most common target is the liver, and transmission of CYSTS and replicates as trophozoites |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the liver, Symptoms include Jaundice and dark tea colored urine |
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Term
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Definition
| may cause chronic hepatitis leading to cirrhosis or cancer, Its a PROCESS, Hep to cirrhosis to cancer, BALL AND STICK appearance, has LATENCY |
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Term
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Definition
| transmitted via body fluids, same as B but ten times worse, RNA and DNA and then can tell difference between C and B |
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Term
| Helminthic Intestinal Infections |
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Definition
| S&S varies but involve GI issues, VF= Mechanical blockage and tissue damage, DX= discover eggs, larvae, or adult worms in stool |
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Term
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Definition
| normal biota biofilm damages teh soft tissues and cones surrounding the teeth, Strep mutans are involved |
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Term
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Definition
| Gingivitis occurs which is the swelling of normal contour, patches of redness, and increased bleeding of the gingival |
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Term
| Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis |
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Definition
| "trench mouth", severe pain, bleeding in mouth, |
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Term
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Definition
| Parotitis happens and VF= syncytia forms which is cells fusing together |
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Term
| Gastritis or Gastric ulcers |
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Definition
| Gastric Carcinoma (stomach cancer) forms, VF=Urease enzymes, breathe out ammonia if have this |
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Term
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Definition
| Disruption or killing these cells by pathogens results in malabsorption and diarrhea, two main cells types: ENTEROCYTES and CRYPT |
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Term
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Definition
Reiter's syndrom= can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree
Guillain Barre Syndrome=peripheral neuropathy ( lost function, stop moving well)
* Bacteria, viral, and parasites cause this |
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Term
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Definition
| Diarrhea, cause SHOCK if gets in bloodstream, infects bones (osteomyelitis), Typhoid Fever can happen caused by LPS, VF=INVASIVE |
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Term
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Definition
| severe bloody stools ( dysentery), can lead to ulcerative colitis and HUS, VF=SHIGA TOXINS, fecal-oral spread!! |
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Term
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Definition
| E.coli O157, causes bloody diarrhea, uses SHIGA TOXIN, can lead to HUS, get it from undercooked meat! |
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Term
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Definition
| watery diarrhea (Traveler's diarrhea), Uses two toxins (ST and LT) |
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Term
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Definition
| infants and toddlers get it, causes intestinal cell membranne to rearrange by DEPOLYMERIZING into Pedestal formations |
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Term
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Definition
| Invades!!! causes bloody diarrhea, DX: only lactose negative e.coli |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic diarrhea in young children |
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Term
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Definition
| #1 mose common bacterial cause of diarrhea in US. VF= 2 toxins:enterotoxin and crytotoxin, ASSOCIATED with cooked chicken |
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Term
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Definition
| Major cause of diarrhea in the hospitals, destruction of cell wall (pseudomembranous colitis), VF= two enterotoxins( toxin A and B) and produce SPORES!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| "Rice Water" aka watery diarrhea, DEHYDRATION is most serious issue, FECAL_ORAL via water!! VF= Cholera toxin, and gram stain is comma-shaped bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
start as urethritis with painful, burning urination, and reduced urine flow. VF=urease enzymes, Introduction of bacteria in bladder( CYSTITIS)
affects arteries (pyelonephritis) |
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Term
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Definition
| DX by clean catch urine sample, caused by UPEC, VF=P-pili (needs to stick) |
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Term
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Definition
| UTI with kidney stone formation, VF=highly motile, potent urease, use INDOLE TEST to determine cause, Red ring=positive for indole |
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Term
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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Definition
| UTI common in sexually active females, VF=none known, Use novobiocin to identify |
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Term
| Vaginitis(candida albicans) |
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Definition
| caused by candida albicans, inflammed vagina, buring and itching, DX= oral thrush,diaper rash, and nosocomial infections, GROWTH includes white colonies, "egg shaped" budding yeast, and GERM TUBE when incubated in serum |
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Term
| 3 categories of Sextually transmitted diseases |
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Definition
1. discharge disease
2. ulcer diseases
3. wart diseases |
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Term
| Vaginosis (Garnerella vaginalis) |
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Definition
| infection but no inflammation, itching and fishy odeor vagina, grey or yellow discharge, DX= vaginal smear with "clue catch" |
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Term
| Vaginosis (Trichomonas vaginalis) |
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Definition
| causes gree white, FROTHY, foul smelling vaginal discharge, very bubbly!!, caused by parasites! "Strawberry cervix" |
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Term
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Definition
| for men!, inflammation of prostate glands, caused by GI flora, |
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Term
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Definition
| painful urination, yellowish discharge(male), bloody vaginal discharge (female) Major complications as infection ascends, Caused by N.gon, ID= uses glucose only "g=g" |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd most common std in world, very high increase in adolescents, asymptomatic carriage greater in women but disease found more in men, arthritis is an outcome of this disease! PID!!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| no symptoms(asymptomatic), watery discharge, caused by serotypes D-K, VF=obligate, ID= bi-phasic life cycle(look at notes!!) |
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Term
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Definition
| most common infectious disease, Pinkeye is cause by serotypes A,B,&C, LOOOK AT NOTES |
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Term
| Ureoplasma urealyticum (NGU-2) |
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Definition
| if rule out chlamydia and gonnorrhea then you have this!!!, VF=Urease enzymes, light discharge and burns when pee. |
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Term
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Definition
| Syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes |
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Term
| Treponema pallidum(Syphilis) |
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Definition
| LOTS of S&S!, goes thru 3 distinct stages, caused by spirochete!, ID= will not gram stain so GIEMSA is used! |
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Term
| Stage 1- Primary Syphilis |
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Definition
| hard chancre at site of infection, Painless ulcerated erosion, HIGHLY INFECTIOUS! |
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Term
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Definition
| get skin rash, mucous patches, joint pain,hair loss, and condyloma lata(warts near chancre sites) |
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Term
| Stage 3-Teritary Syphilis |
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Definition
| occurs in half of untreated patients, get gummas lesions, Necrotic palate on tounge, CNS involvement, "attacks your nuts and then you go nuts..!" |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission from mother to child, usual ends in STILL BIRTHS! |
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Term
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Definition
| RPR test! uses extract of beef heart |
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Term
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Definition
| no symptoms, mulitiple vesicles on genitalia(painful), can go latent and pop back up, VF=viral, has two types! |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| most common STD in world, do not have to report, CAused by HPV!! 53 antigenically distinct types! |
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Term
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Definition
| warts are benign, ID=koliocytosis(HPV) LOOK AT NOTES |
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Term
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Definition
| all chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell to either gain or use energy |
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Term
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Definition
| also called biosysthesis, any process that results in synthesis of cell molecules and structures (usually requires energy input) |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of bonds of larger molecules into smaller molecules (RELEASE ENERGY) big to little! |
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Term
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Definition
| protein biological catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the products or being consumed in the reaction! |
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Term
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Definition
| break don molecules outside of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| break down molecules inside of cell in cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
always present and in relatively constant amts ( always on!!!)
ex: breaking down glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| production is either induved or repressed in response to change (on or off depending on what doing!!) |
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Term
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Definition
| most common, genital warts and condylomata acuminata(elevated lesions, "cauliflower like" lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| Carcinoma of the cervix,penis, warts turn cancerous!!!! very nasty! |
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Term
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Definition
| not for genitals, but are SKIN and PLANTAR WARTS!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| P53 and RB are proteins that inactivate therefore turn malignant, ID=koilocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Enterobius vermicularis (PINWORM) |
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Definition
| the butthole worm!, causes itching and squirming, crawl out and lay eggs |
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Term
| Ascaris lumbricoides(Roundworm) |
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Definition
| intestinal worm, eggs consumed from enviorment |
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Term
| Necator americanus(Hookworm) |
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Definition
| tissue worm, causes severe nutrient depletion, and failure to thrive |
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Term
| Trichinella spiralis(Hunter's worm) |
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Definition
| likes wild game:beer, boar, deer. COOK YOUR MEAT!! forms cysts in muscle and brain |
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Term
| Taenia saginata(BEEF TAPEWORM) |
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Definition
| form by undercooked BEEF! recognized by scolex with suckers only |
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Term
| Taenia solium( PORK TAPEWORM) |
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Definition
| from undercooked pork, auto-infection cycle(will keep going), causes cysts, recognized by scolex with suckers AND TEETH! |
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