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Exam 2-Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Contro
Exam 2-Efferent Division
33
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
03/13/2011

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Cards

Term

What are the Effector Organs of the:

  1. Somatic Motor
  2. Autonomic Motor

Definition

  1. Skeletal Muscles
  2. Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle and Glands

Term

Presence of ganglia in:

  1. Somatic Motor
  2. ANS

Definition

  1. Trick question!  NO GANGLIA
  2. 2 ganglia 

Term

Number of Motor Neurons from CNS to effector

  1. Somatic Motor
  2. ANS

Definition

  1. One
  2. Two

Term

Type of Neuromuscular Junction

  1. Somatic Motor
  2. ANS

Definition

  1. Specialized Motor End Plate
  2. No specialization 

Term

Effect of nerve impulse on muscle

  1. Somatic Motor
  2. ANS

Definition

  1. Excitatory ONLY
  2. Either excitatory or inhibitory

Term

Type of nerve fibers

  1. Somatic Motor
  2. ANS

Definition

  1. Fast conducting and myelinated
  2. Slow conducting lightly myelinated 

Term

Effect of Denervation

(If you sever the nerves)

  1. Somatic Motor
  2. ANS
Definition

  1. Flaccid paralysis and atrophy
  2. Muscle ions and function persist; target cells show denervation hypersensitivity

Term
Which system is voluntary and which is involuntary?
Definition

 

  1. Somatic Motor- Voluntary
  2. ANS- Involunary (usually)

 

Term
Where is the ANS located?
Definition
In the Brain Stem
Term
What are the two branches of the ANS?
Definition
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Term
What 3 ways can the Sym and Para be distinguished?
Definition

  1. Anatomic Distinctions
  2. Differences in Neurotransmission
  3. Antagonistic Control

Term
What are the structural (anatomic) differences?
Definition
The location of the Ganglia
Term

What is the Region of Origin in the S and PS?

 

Definition

  1. Symp- Thorasic/Lumbar 
  2. Para-Cranial Nerves/Sacral

Term
What is unique about the location of the ganglia in the S and PS?
Definition

 

  1. Symp- Sympathetic Chain of colateral ganglia
  2. Para- Close to the target organs

 

Term
What is the typical length of a ganglionic neuron in the S and SP?
Definition

 

  1. Symp- Short
  2. Para- Long

 

Term
Parasympathetic NT activate _________________ receptors.
Definition
Muscarinic
Term
Sympathetic NT activate ______________ Receptors
Definition
Adrenergic
Term
What are the 2 kinds of Cholinergic Receptors?
Definition
Nicotinic and Muscarinic
Term
What are the 3 kinds of Adrenergic Receptors?
Definition

Alpha 1- Vasoconstriction of Visera and skin

Beta 1- Increases Heart Rate and Contractility

Beta 2-Dilation of Bronchioles of the lung

Term
Beta Blockers will ___________ the Heart Rate and _________ the bronchioles.
Definition

Decrease

 

Constrict 

 

Term
Both the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Pre-Ganglions release __________ NT.
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
Sympathetic Post-ganglion release ____________ NT.
Definition
Norepinephrine (NE)
Term
Parasypathetic Post-ganglion release ___________ NT.
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
The sympathetic and parasympathetic receptor on the Post-ganglion are both ______________.
Definition
Nicotinic
Term
The Receptor on the Effector Organs in the Sympathetic NS are _____________.
Definition
Adrenergic Receptors
Term
The receptors on Effector Organs of the Parasympathetic NS are ___________
Definition
Muscarinic
Term
Nicotinic Receptors are always ___________.
Definition

Excitatory

 

Ligand gated Na+/K+ channels lead to depolarization

Term
How do Muscarinic Receptors work in Cardiac Muscle?
Definition

  1. GPCR opens K+ channel
  2. K+ leaves
  3. Hyperpolarizes the cell
  4. Slows the Heart Rate

Term
How does the Muscarinic Receptor work in Smooth Muscle?
Definition

  1. GPCR close K+ and open Na+ channels
  2. Depolarization
  3. Excitatory (leads to a contraction)

Term
What does Acetylcholine Esterase do?
Definition
Breaks down Acetylcholine
Term
If you had an inhibitor of Ach Esterase, what would it do?
Definition

  1. Cause an increase in Ach in the synapses
  2. Increased activation of Muscarinic receptors
  3. Increase activation of Nicotinic Receptors

Term
Why is it important to have Antagonistic Control in the ANS?
Definition
To help maintain homeostasis
Term
What does it mean to have Dual Innervation?
Definition
Things are innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
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