Term
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Definition
| a collection of people who happen to be together in a particular place but they do not significantly interact or identify with one another |
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Term
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Definition
| people who share a common characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of people who share a common identity and if they interact with one another, they do so on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| is a group towards which you feel loyalty and respect |
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Definition
| is a group towards which you feel contempt or exclusion |
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Term
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Definition
usually small, characterized by face to face interaction, intimacy, and a sense of commitment.
o **→Purpose is that you’re there for self-fulfillment (they make you happy) |
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Definition
large, impersonal, and they involve very little emotional attachment
**→Purpose is that you’re there to achieve a goal (example: working a paid job and people you work with) |
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Term
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Definition
is a group that provides a standard for judging your own attitudes and behaviors
(Group that eventually you will be a part of, or will never be a part of) |
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Term
| Characteristics of Bureacracy |
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Definition
(by Weber, there are 5):
o 1. There is a hierarchy of authority (there’s a ranking of people)
o 2. Most of the workers are full time and salaried
o 3. Workers usually do not own resources with which they work
o 4. There’s a separation between work and home life
o 5. **Rationalization: Weber said that in a bureaucracy, rules govern the behavior of workers |
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Term
| McDonaldization of Society |
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Definition
(Ritzer)
Ritzer argues that the principles of the fast food industry are starting to take over all areas of our life.
You’re supposed to act robotic, so you can have more efficiency, getting the job as fast as possible. |
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Term
| What is a transactional leader? |
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Definition
| "Routine" - Simply get the job done, and are concerned with accomplishing the group's task, getting members to do their jobs, and making certain that the group achieves its goals. (not visionary) |
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Term
| What are transformational leaders? |
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Definition
| "Beyond Routine" - instilling in their group a sense of mission or higher purpose and thereby changing the nature of the group itself. They leave their stamp on their organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process by which the members of a group ignore ways of thinking and plans of action that go against the group consensus. They embarrass potential dissenters into conforming, and also lead to alternatives being ruled out before they are seriously considered. (When you are in a group struggling with a difficult decision and feel uneasy about voicing opposition to emerging consensus. |
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Term
| What are the five ways Japan’s organizations differ from Weber’s list of characteristics? |
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Definition
1. Bottom-up decision making
2. Less specialization
3. Job security
4. Group orientation
5. Merging of work and private lives. |
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Term
| What is "Bottom-up decision making" in Japanese change? |
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Definition
| Big Japanese corporations do not form a pyramid of authority as Weber portrayed it, with each level responsible only to the one above. Rather workers low down in the organization are consulted about policies being considered by management and top executives regularly meet with them. |
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Term
| What is "Less specialization" in Japanese change? |
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Definition
| employees specialize less than their counterparts, rather they enter firm and works each department a little at a time until they master all the important tasks. |
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Term
| What is "Job security" in Japanese change? |
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Definition
| Employee is guaranteed a job, and japanese corporations are committed to the long term employment. Pay raises are given by how many years they have been with the firm, and not based on promotions. |
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Term
| What is "Group orientation" in Japanese change? |
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Definition
| At all levels of corporation, people are involved in small cooperative teams or work groups. Companies show groups and not individual positions. |
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Term
| What is "Merging of work and private lives" in Japanese change? |
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Definition
| Regular leisure activities organized by corporation, singing company songs, housing for employees, and company loans for education, weddings, and funerals. |
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Term
| What type of feminism does Kanter come from? |
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Definition
| From bureaucratic settings |
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Term
| What type of feminism does Ferguson come from? |
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Definition
| radical feminist approach. |
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Term
| Kanter vs. Ferguson's views: |
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Definition
| Feminism: Kanter says women need to have more important roles in company so that inequality will be balanced. Ferguson says that having important roles in company will not change anything because the company was built by men, rather they have to build their own company with their own policies in order to succeed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure to conform, examples are obedience or going along with something. |
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Term
| How does Milgram’s Obedience and Zimbardo’s prison experiment demonstrate conformity? |
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Definition
| Giving powerful electric shocks compared to Nazi's killing innocent Jews. They both obeyed orders given by their "leader or researcher" and didn't follow their own instincts. |
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Term
| How does Asch's study show conformity? |
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Definition
| When classroom setting students were asked which two lines matched in length, they all gave the wrong answer. The "accomplice" knew the right answer, but still gave the wrong answer just to conform with the classmates. (1/3 of accomplices gave wrong answer on purpose) |
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Term
| What are McDonaldization principles? |
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Definition
| efficiency, calculability, uniformity, and control through automation |
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Term
| What are the cons of McDonaldization? |
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Definition
| Less human spirit and creativity. Life is more homogeneous, more rigid, and less personal. |
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