• Traditional: The ability and right to rule is passed down, often through heredity. It does not change overtime, does not facilitate social change, tends to be irrational and inconsistent, and perpetuates the status quo. Example: In Spain, the princess is going to be appearing in court on February 8, as the first member of the royal family to ever appear in court. Spain's royal family is a perfect example of traditional legitimacy, as the throne is passed down from parent to child.
• Charismatic:  a leader whose mission and vision inspire others. It is based upon the perceived extraordinary characteristics of an individual. Example: Pope Francis has named 19 new cardinals this last Sunday. It is believed that the men he chose, were chosen to help balance things out. From where they were chosen, it appears that he is trying to make sure there is a fair representation of the poor parts of the world. This is a classic example of Charismatic succession, a facet of charismatic authority. Being the Charismatic Leader, the Pope has the authority to choose those he feels will best fill the position as leaders, and in turn, decide who the next Pope will be.
• Rational-legal:  empowered by a formalistic belief in the content of the law (legal) or natural law (rationality). Obedience is not given to a specific individual leader - whether traditional or charismatic - but a set of uniform principles. Example: Currently there are protests in Thailand over the approaching election. Many people are very upset with the direction the government is heading and want to see some significant change. This election process in Thailand is a great example of Rational-legal authority as the way power is obtained is through a legal election and guided by a set of rules and laws. 

  Strong States: 

 Capacity: 

-          complex human organization, a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted.

  Ethnic Identity: 

-          a person’s relationship to other members of society. A set of institutions that bind people together through a common culture: language, religion, geographical location, customs, history.

-          views regarding the necessary pace and scope of change between freedom and equality. 

o   dramatic, often revolutionary change of existing political, social, or economic order. Replace system. Violence is acceptable.

o   seek to restore political, social, and economic institutions, even if they never actually existed. Focus on imagined past ideals. Violence is acceptable. 

o    very limited (or, no) personal freedom. Focus is the prosperity of the majority. Near absolute state control of everything (economic, political, even societal). 

strong role of private ownership, but considerable states involvement in the economy with emphasis on economic equality. Strong capacity and autonomy for government. Still very much a democracy. In other words, the people accept and want governmental involvement in the economy.

   complete freedom, no government/state. Complete freedom and equality can only be achieved with no state, no government. States create inequality. Libertarians similar, but support private property. 

Public goods: 

-          goods provided or secured by the state that are available for society and indivisible (that is, no one private person or organization can own them.). They are for EVERYONE. 

Social expenditure:

-    the states provision of public benefits, such as education, health care, and certain kinds of transportation, or what is commonly called “welfare”. These are only available to people who qualify for them. Keep in mind that what is a public good, and what is a social expenditure, will change from state to state, and even from city to city with a given state. 

-          : the actual relationship between political and economic institutions in a particular country, as well as the policies and outcomes they create.

limited government involvement. Supply and demand determine what is produced and sold (including the number, quality, etc). 

Purchasing power parity: 

-          attempts to estimate the buying power of income in each country by comparing similar costs, such as food and housing, using prices in the United States as a benchmark. So, how much does it cost to rent the same house in India as in the United States? This also differs within countries (much pricier to live in New York than Rexburg!)

       Gini Index: 

 Human Development Index: