Term
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Definition
substances the body cannot make for itself in
sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrate, Lipids, Protein, Vitamins, Water, Minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrate, Lipids, Protein, Vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon carbon bond or carbon hydrogen bonds |
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Term
| Three energy classes of nutrients: |
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Definition
a. Mechanical Energy
b. Storage Energy
c. Heat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 45-65% of total kCal intake per day |
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Term
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Definition
unit energy measure. 1 kCal is the
amount necessary to raise 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius. Misused on
food labels. |
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Term
| Lipids sometimes contain Nitrogen |
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Definition
| 20 – 35% of total caloric intake |
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Term
| Protein always contains Nitrogen: |
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Definition
| 10 – 35% of total caloric intake |
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Term
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Definition
| most important molecular protein in the body |
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Term
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Definition
assist enzymes in metabolic reactions including step in
breaking down carbs, lipids, and proteins into energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| sum total of all chemical reaction in al cells of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
most abundant nutrient in body and should be most
consumed |
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Term
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Definition
| class of nutrient that consist of only one atom |
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Term
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Definition
| provide no energy, but assist vitamins and enzymes in chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the catabolism of sugar with oxygen produce in human cells |
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Definition
produces carbon dioxide, water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O |
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Term
| What biochemical is synthesized from the 3 energy classes of nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Into what three forms of work can bond energy from ATP be converted |
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Definition
3 form ATP converted:
a. Mechanical Energy
b. Storage Energy
c. Heat |
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Term
| Women on average need how many Kcal day? |
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Definition
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Term
| Men on average need how many Kcal per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 main reasons you should be choosing your foods? |
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Definition
a. Nutritional Value
b. Sustainability
c. |
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Term
| The RDA for vitamins and minerals covers what percentage of the U.S. population? |
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Definition
| RDA (vit’s & min’s) covers 98% of population |
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Term
| What is the EAR for energy nutrients set at the mean |
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Definition
| EAR for energy nutrients set at mean = maintain current weight |
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Term
| To what group of people does the RDA and EAR not apply? |
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Definition
RDA & EAR does not apply to:
a. Pregnant women
b. Nursing women
c. Acute chronic illness |
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Term
| What does AI stand for and what is the problem with these nutrients? |
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Definition
AI = adequate intake = average amount of a nutrient that appears
sufficient have not been indisputably determined |
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Term
| What does DV stand for and where can you find these nutrients and the amount you should have each day? |
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Definition
| DV = Daily values = found on food labels |
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Term
| What term refers to an excess or deficit of energy, vitamins, or minerals? |
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Definition
| Malnutrition = excess or deficit of energy, vit’s, or mil’s |
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Term
| Define primary and secondary deficiency? |
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Definition
Primary Deficiency = inadequate intake
Secondary Deficiency = inadequate absorption/ inadequate utilization |
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Term
| Name four out of the ten leading causes of death are nutrition related? |
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Definition
4/10 leading causes of death nutrition related:
a. Cancer
b. Heart Disease
c. Strokes
d. Diabetes |
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Term
| What is the title of people most qualified to advise on diet? |
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Definition
Most qualified people to advise on diet:
a. R.D. - Bachelors
b. M.S. Dietetics
c. Ph.D. – specialized areas of nutrition |
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Term
| What diet planning principle emphasizes vitamins and minerals and minimizes energy nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is more nutrient dense: 1 can of coke or 15 grapes? |
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Definition
More nutrient dense:
a. 15 grapes v. 1 can of coke
b. Baked Potato flesh only with herbs & seasonings v. French Fries
c. Grilled Salmon v. Hot Dogs
d. Whole Grain Flour v. White Flour |
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Term
| What is the name of diet plan recommended by the U.S. government for all Americans? |
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Definition
| MyPlate – gov’t.’s recommended diet plan |
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Term
| Name the five food groups? |
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Definition
| MyPlate 5 food groups: Fruits, Vegetables, Grains, Protein, Dairy |
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Term
| 1 oz. of meat is equal to the size of what object? |
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Definition
| 1 oz. of meat = matchbook |
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Term
| 3 oz. of meat is equal to the size of what object? |
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Definition
| 3 oz. of meat = deck of cards |
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Term
| What 4 foods are the healthiest sources of protein? |
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Definition
Beans per day = ½ cup dried. Total 6-9 oz. total
Coconut **
No fiber, high fat **
Select Beef ** |
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Term
| What fruit is high in saturated fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the problem with meat marked choice, prime or fried? |
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Definition
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Term
| What marking selection should you choose for beef? |
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Definition
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Term
| What foods does the vegetarian plan rely on to get calcium and iron? |
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Definition
| Vegetarian Plan Calcium & Iron: Seafood & Nuts/Seeds |
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Term
| What diet plan incorporates daily olive oil and red wine and limits red meat to once per month? |
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Definition
Mediterranean Pyramid = incorporates daily olive oil and red wine, and
limits red meat to once per month |
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Term
| What diet plan incorporates peanut and sesame oil and red meat once per month? |
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Definition
Asian Pyramid = incorporates peanut and sesame oil and red meat
once per month |
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Term
| What technique is taught to people in the weight watchers program in order to lose weight? |
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Definition
| Weight Watchers = analytically designed to keep track of caloric intake |
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Term
| List 3 ways vegetarianism benefits sustainability? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the top 5 health risk components of the diet? Why? |
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Definition
a. Total Kcal per serving/Kcal fat per serving (leading cause of death
in US – atherosclerosis, hypertension, types of cancer)
b. Saturated Fat < 20 g
c. Total Fat < 65 g |
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Term
| What energy health risk component on the food label should be less than 10% of total Kcal? |
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Definition
| Sugar = energy health risk component - < 10% of total kCal |
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Term
| What health risk component should be less than 2,300 mg per day? |
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Definition
| Trans fat = new health risk component added to food label ‘06 |
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Term
| The food label calculations are based on what group of Americans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define USDA organic foods |
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Definition
USDA organic: 95% organic means no synthetic pesticides or
chemicals, no sewage or petroleum based fertilizers in plants. No
genetically engraved or ionized foods. No antibiotics or growth hormones
added to the animals. |
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Term
| What terms refers to kneading and grinding of food in digestion? |
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Definition
| Kneading (tongue) and Grinding (teeth) = process of Mastication |
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Term
| What enzyme found in saliva starts the process of catabolism for starch? |
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Definition
| Amylase = enzyme found in saliva that degrades starch |
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Term
| What are successive waves of involuntary muscles contracting and passing food along the G.I.T. every three minutes? |
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Definition
Successive waves of involuntary muscles contracting and passing good
along G.I.T. every 3 minutes
a. longitudinal muscles on the outside
b. circular (ring) muscles on the inside |
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Term
| What three muscles are found in the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does peristalsis begin? |
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Definition
| Peristalsis starts in the in esophagus |
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Term
| What are the four sphincters of the G.I.T. and where are they? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone produced by gastric cells targets stomach glands to release gastric juices? |
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Definition
Gastrin: Chyme triggers gastric cells in stomach to release a hormone
into the stomach. Signals stomach glands lining the stomach to release
gastric juices |
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Term
| What are the three components of gastric juices and what is their function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone produced by duodenal cells targets pancreatic cells to secrete digestive juices? |
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Definition
Secretin: hormone produced by duodenal cells targets pancreatic cells
to secrete digestive juices |
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Term
| What are the four pancreatic juices and what is their function? |
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Definition
Pancreatic Juices:
a. lipase – digests lipids
b. protease – digests proteins
c. carbohydrase – digests sugars
d. sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes the high acidity (low pH) of chyme |
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Term
| What hormone produced by duodenal cells targets gall bladder to secrete bile? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of bile and what is made from? |
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Definition
| Bile emulsifies fat. Slows digestion and facilitating absorption of lipids. |
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Term
| Where are most of the energy nutrients and vitamins absorbed? |
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Definition
| Small Intestine = most of the energy nutrients and vitamins absorbed |
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Term
| Where are most of the minerals and water absorbed? |
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Definition
| Colon absorbs minerals (salt) and water |
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Term
| What cells lining the small intestine absorb the nutrients? |
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Definition
| Villus cells = cells lining the small intestine absorb the nutrients |
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Term
| What percentage by volume of food is excreted as feces? |
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Definition
| 90% feces = food by volume |
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Term
| What percentage by volume of feces is actually bacteria? |
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Definition
| 40% feces = bacteria by volume |
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Term
| What is the function of fiber in the colon? |
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Definition
| Fiber = holds water in the colon. Soft stool |
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Term
| What is the other name for the colon? |
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Definition
| Large Intestine = other name for colon |
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Term
| How many feet in length is the entire G.I.T.? |
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Definition
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