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Exam 1 Spring 2015
Exam 1 Spring 2015
17
Microbiology
Graduate
01/26/2015

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Indeterminate gram stain

Obligate intracellular parasite

1 of 2 of the smallest known microbes

Forms inclusion bodies with alternating life cycle forms

Nationally Notifiable

Definition

Chlamydiosis

 

Clamydia trachomatis

Term

For females, symptoms begin asymptomatically, but can progress to cervicitis and PID, possible urethritis/proctitis

 

For males, dysuria, penile discharge, prostatitis, epidymitis, possible urethritis/proctitis

 

Transmitted sexually through the mucosa of penis, vagina, throat, or rectum

 

Pilus of bacteria aids in attachment to epithelial cells

Definition
Chlamydia trachomatis
Term

Gram (-) dipplococcus, capnophillic STI

 

nationally notifiable

 

commonly co-infects with chlamydia

Definition

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

 

Gonorrhoeae

Term

Males: urethral discharge and dysuria

 

Females:  most are asyptomatic, but can present with vaginal discharge, PID, ultimately infertility

 

transmitted sexually through the mucosa of penis, vagina, throat, or rectum with the help of the bacterial pilus (strongest biological motor)

Definition
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Term

Urethritis caused by an etiology other than neisseria gonorrhoeae

 

lack a cell wall (3 pathogens)

Definition

generally known as Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)

 

3 types:  Mycoplasma hominis

Mycoplasma genitalium

Ureaplasma urealyticum

Term

4th type of Nongonococcal Urethritis that does have a cell wall, but the gram stain is indeterminate

 

typical for urethritis

 

obligately intracellular

Definition
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-k
Term

a tightly wound, slender spirochete

 

nationally notifiable

 

transmits through minute abrasions in the skin and mucus membranes, sexual contact, and transplacental

 

3 week incubation period

Definition

treponema pallidum

 

syphilis

Term

the primary form of this presents with an open chancre at the site of infxn that is painless and heals in 3-6 weeks w/o treatment

 

 

Definition
primary syphilis
Term

the secondary form of this presents with nonitching skin rash and lesion of mucus membranes

-also presents with lymphadenopathy, fever, headaches, weight loss, fatigue

-can resolve w/o treatment

Definition
secondary syphilis
Term

the tertiary form of this becomes hidden/latent

-can cause damage to the brain, heart, eyes, joints, paralysis, blindness, dementia, and eventually death

Definition
tertiary syphilis
Term

dsDNA noneveloped virus

 

low risk:  genital warts

 

high risk:  cervical cancer

 

most infections are asymptomatic

 

~50% of sexually active people acquire this STI at some point

 

99% of cervical cancers are caused by this STI

Definition

HPV

 

human papilloma virus

 

 

 

Term

dsDNA enveloped virus

 

virus travels from site of infxn to DRG => latency

 

Type 1:  cold sores

 

Type 2:  vesicles break down to form ulcers, local clymph node swelling, fever, headache, malaise, dysuria

Definition

Herpes simplex virus:

 

type 1: herpes labialis

 

type 2: genital herpes

Term

variable gram stain, capnophilic, facultatively anaerobic rod

 

-excessive malodorous vaginal discharge and vaginal pH greater than 4.5

 

-presents with trichomonas infxn 10-15% of the time

Definition

Garderella vaginalis

 

Vaginitis/Vaginosis

Term

actively motile trophozoites

 

-copious vaginal discharge as well as increased pH, burning, and itching

Definition

Trichomonas vaginalis

 

Vaginitis/Vaginosis

Term

yeast with pseudohyphae

 

-stains gram (+) but is 2-3X bigger than staph aureus

 

occurs due to overgrowth of candida by 20-30%

Definition

Candida albicans

 

Vaginitis/Vaginosis

Term

organism that infects public/perianal hair, possibly also axillary/facial hair

 

-may be asymptomatic or extreme pruritus

 

-sex, locker rooms, gyms, and beds

 

-blue spots on the host from local tissue necrosis at the site of the bite

Definition

Phthirus pubis

 

pubic/axillary/facial lice

Term

this organism prefers hairless skin

 

-symptoms include severe pruritus even after treatment

 

-commonly is a secondary infxn from Staph/Strep

 

-transmission is from close physical contact/sexual

 

sites of infection:

-men:  genetalia

-women:  breasts

-children:  face, neck, scalp, hands, feet

 

-pathogenesis:  arthropod induces allergic rxn to eggs, mites, and waste from burrowing organism

Definition
Sarcoptes scabiei
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