Term
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Definition
| Ability of infants/children to differentiate between words in a sentence |
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Definition
| (Saffran 1996)patterns in speech stream of what words transitions sound like (bidaku / padoti) |
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Definition
| the principle that words stand for, refer to objects, actions, properties in the world |
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Definition
| A means of connecting words to items in the world. Recall that early pointing is associated with early language |
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Definition
| Pointing while labeling (unique to humans) |
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Definition
| using pointing, touching, gesturing to make a statement |
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Definition
| using pointing etc to make a demand |
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| Joint Attention (Tomasello) |
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Definition
| focus of two individuals on the same object via eye gazing, pointing, or some other attention getting measure |
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Term
| 3 levels of joint attention |
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Definition
Shared eye gaze-fairly young age
diadic joint attention-exchanging expressions, vocalizations
Triadic joint attention-conversants are aware they are sharing attention of an object |
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Definition
| The awareness that others have goals, beliefs, intentions, and attentional states |
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Definition
| Application of a word in a more limited way than is intended ("boy" is only their brother) |
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Definition
| Application of a word beyond usual accepted boundaries ("doggie" for all furry four legged things, "two jimmies" |
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Definition
| a superior order or category within a classification system (i.e. Animals) |
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Definition
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Definition
| lowest level of descriptive words for objects, no examples provided but would assume specific kinds of animals by name |
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Term
| Thematic association (fivush, Mandler, Reznick) |
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Definition
| Grouping of items based on common themes or uses (eating/cooking-pan, plate cup, food) |
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Term
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Definition
| Shape is the biggest similarity children find, color and size do not normally impact naming or over-extensions |
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Term
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Definition
Category relations, often confounded by perceptual similarity
(IE)-naming a dog for other animals, similar to overextension (overcome by age 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| children's ability to distinguish members of a family based on resemblance and social cues |
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Term
| Psychological essentialism |
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Definition
| The Idea that there are certain characteristics common to all members of a subgroup, and that while they may possess other characteristics, they must possess these to belong to the group |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of rapid lexical aquisition (18 months avg, 11-28 possible) Girls sooner than boys, first borns sooner than later borns |
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Term
| Geschwind-Galaburda hypothesis |
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Definition
| Testosterone slows growth of LH, thereby permitting faster growth of RH, gives females advantage in language |
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Term
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Definition
| dominance of certain functions by certain hemispheres of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to learn words & meanings from only a few exposures |
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Term
| Object scope (Markman 1989) |
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Definition
label applies to whole objects
(if given truck, child will assume name refers to whole object, not specific parts) (Bottom up processing) |
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Term
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Definition
| labels extend to multiple incidences (ball) |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding that labels refer to taxonomic categories, not thematic categories |
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Term
| Novel name-nameless Category |
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Definition
| the idea that novel names will be mapped onto unnamed categories, or onto a different category for that object |
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Term
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Definition
| using grammatical structure of a sentence to figure out a new word meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| a word-learning bias in which children assume that each object has one label (so a new label applies to an unnamed object) Can affect vocabulary if not overcome) |
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