The Kantian Scandal

Proof of an External World

Three Conditions on Proof

The Misprint Example

Proof of the Existence of an External World in the Past

Dissatisfaction with Proof

Response

Interpreting Moore's Proof of the External World

Disguised Linguistic Statements

Properness of Knowledge Ascriptions about the External World 

Malcom's Argument from Ordinary Language

The Turnips Example

Learning Language

Malcom's Two Senses View (Strong + Weak Sense of Know)

Malcom's Two Senses View

High v.s Low standards of Justification

Analogies with Large, Tall, Flat, and I

Three Inconsistent Propositions (Skeptic, Dogmatic, Contextual)

Reporting Knowledge Claims

The Ant Example

Intentionality

The Tree Image Example

The Brains in a Vat Case

Self-Refuting Suppositions

Turing Test for Conciousness and Reference

Casual Relationships

Qualitative Identiy

The Doubt Principle

Sense Perception and the Doubt Principle

The Fireside Example

The Argument from Dreams

Deceiving Demons

Skepticism

The Cartesian Question (Generality Problem, Common Cold Example)

Sense Experiences

The Case of the Person with No Senses

The Tower Example

Can we know were not dreaming?

Three Questions

The Duke of Devonshire & Banging Shutters Case

The idea that all belief/knowledge rests on the foundation of the senses which can be doubted because of their ability to deceive. Therefore all belief can be called into doubt.

-Descartes

The idea that a Demon and not God has commited itself to making falsities into belief, making every belief into falsity. The Demon is conquered by doubting all belief

-Descartes

The concept that we have been told and can maintain some belief in a great many things such as the reasons why we may get a common cold. We know that not all reasons can be correct

-Stroud

Can a person without any Senses really know anything?

Beyond the basic concept of time. 

-Stroud

A method of disproving the idea one can believe in his/her senses fully. A tower in the distance will look round when in fact it may be square.

-Stroud

Is the possibility we are dreaming really a threat to our knowledge of the world around us?

Is it right to think that we must know if we are not dreaming to know something about the world around us?

Is he right in saying he can never know he is not dreaming?

-Stroud of Descartes

The example that the Duke of Devonshire was speaking in the house of Lords only to wake up actually speaking in the House of Lords. This shows that dreaming does not imply falsity in belief.

-Said by Moore interpreted by Stroud

The Concept that one can be dreaming of a Banging Shutter only to wake up to a Banging Shutter

-Stroud

The Premises must be known

The Conclusions must be different form the Premises

If the Premises are True than the Conclusions must be true

-Moore

The premise of having three misprints on a single page in a book. 

-Moore

How misleading the word "know" can be, for example I know there are turnips stewing, when instead it could be carrots

-Malcom