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| any animal that has calved one or more times; is lactating |
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| young female that hasn't calved yet |
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| animal has calved only once |
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| cow has calved at least once but is not producing milk at the present time |
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| put semen into an animal in an attempt to get her pregnant - can be AI or bull bred |
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| time from when an animal calved until she calved again (13-14 mo.) |
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| removal of an animal from the herd regardless of reason why |
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how many times a cow has calved
(not number of calves she's had) |
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| cow has calved more than once |
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| Dairy Herd Information (Association) |
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| Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin |
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| 305 days in milk (DIM), milked twice a day, at a mature equivalent |
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| the amount of milk that a cow gives on the day that she produced the most milk during the current lactation |
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| The average of the highest 2 of the first 3 test day milk weights |
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| Insulin, Growth Hormone, bST, Oxytocin |
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| Vitamin D, Estrogen, Testosterone |
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| growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland; major regulator of milk production |
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| recombinant bovine somatotropin; commercially available and improves productive efficiency |
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| abnormal or difficult birth (scored using a 5-point system) |
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| first milk secreted by mammals after they give birth; high in antibodies |
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| a tool that assesses the quality of the colostrum by measuring the quantity of antibodies present |
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| removal of calf from liquid diet to all dry feed |
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| amount of feed and urine in heifers body at any given point in time |
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| onset occurs when heifer reaches 50-55% of mature body weight |
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refers to relative amount of subcutaneous body fat or energy reserves in the cow
- 5 pt. scale |
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| Angle between the hooks, thurls, and pins is a V |
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| Angle between the hooks, thurls, and pins in a U |
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| No fat pad present on pins |
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| Short ribs are visible halfway tot he spine |
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| Short ribs are visible 3/4 of the distance to the spine |
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| Saw-tooth spine and ribs and prominent thurl |
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| Both the sacral and tailhead ligaments are easily seen |
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| Tailhead ligament partly covered in fat |
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| Neither ligament is easily seen |
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| Area between hooks and pins filled with fat but tips of short ribs are visible |
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| Area between hooks and pins filled with fat and tips of short ribs barely visible |
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| Area between hooks and pins filled with fat and tips of short ribs not visible and pins are not visible |
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| Area between hooks and pins filled with fat, tips of short ribs not visible, and pins and hooks are not visible |
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| Early Lactation (Peak Milk) |
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| infection of the breast/udder |
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| visual abnormalities (milk/udder/doe), fever, loss of appetite, depression, and death |
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| long duration, variable signs, contagious, fibrosis (nodules), udder palpation |
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| no visible signs, special tests, loss of function |
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| provides the basic energy needed for milking, transforms electrical energy to a pressure that is less than that of the atmospher, measured in cubic feet of air per minute (cfm) |
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| an automatic valve that controls the degree of air being removed |
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| indicates abnormal levels and fluctuations in vacuum |
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| serves as a distribution tank for various pipes steaming from it |
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| opens and closes, which admits and evacuates atmospheric air between the shell and lever |
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| reservoir that collects milk as it is pooled from the four teats |
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| steel casing that holds the inflation |
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| only component of the machine that comes in contact with cows, massages the teat, molded of either rubber or rubber-like materials |
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| animals restrained in single stall |
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| animals can move around freely |
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| indoor temp. is about the same as outdoors |
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| uniform inside winter temp. above 40 degrees F |
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| rear of cow to front of her knees |
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| space ahead of cow's body |
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| space needed for cow's head as she lunges forward when rising |
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