Term
| How does growth and development occur? |
|
Definition
-cephalocaudal
-proximal to distal
-mass to specific |
|
|
Term
| Erikson stage for infants |
|
Definition
Trust vs. Mistrust
-will recieve needed care
-knows what is going to happen next
-care largely by one person
-CONSISTENCY HELPS DEVELOP TRUST |
|
|
Term
| Piaget stage for Infants (birth-2 years) |
|
Definition
-learns about environment through senses and motor activities
-primitive reflexes
-experimentation with and achievement of object permanence |
|
|
Term
| When does the posterior fontal close? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does teething begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can an infant sit steadily without support? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does an infant crawl and is also able to pull itself up into a standing position? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the pincer grasp developed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the anterior fontanel close? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can an infant walk independently? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does stranger anxiety peak in infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can we minimize stranger anxiety in the hospital? |
|
Definition
| after 6 mos of age, try to give pt the same nurses |
|
|
Term
| Appropriate toys for an infant |
|
Definition
| mobiles, squeak toys, mirrors, blocks, rattles, supervised water play, noise toys,peek-a-boo, patty cake |
|
|
Term
| Erikson stage for toddlers |
|
Definition
Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
-want to do things for themselves
-more in control of their bodies and the environment |
|
|
Term
| Piaget stage for toddlers (2-7 years) |
|
Definition
Egocentric
-can't put themselves in anothers place
-see only their own perspective
-limited concept of time |
|
|
Term
| When does chest circumference finally exceed head circumference? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are toddlers are to begin potty training? |
|
Definition
at 24 months
when myelination of the spinal cord is complete
desire to please is a great motivator |
|
|
Term
| When does a child reach about 1/2 of their adult height? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nursing interventions for toddlers |
|
Definition
-maintain toddler's routine to foster security
-regression common in a stressed toddler (most common w/feeding and toileting) |
|
|
Term
| How to manage temper tantrums |
|
Definition
-limit frustrations
-limit choices
-avoid NO and DONT
-do NOT reward tantrum |
|
|
Term
| Appropriate toys for toddlers |
|
Definition
push/pull toys,cardboard books, puzzles, supervised water play
-NOTHING THEY CAN CHOKE ON |
|
|
Term
| Erikson stage for preschool child (3 to 6 years) |
|
Definition
Initiative vs. guilt
-explore, imaginative; creativity enhanced when given freedom
-develop a conscience, morals
-magical thinking |
|
|
Term
| Piaget stage for preschoolers |
|
Definition
Pre-operational (2-7 yrs)
-concrete, tangible thinking
-uses memory
-still egocentric but beginning to see another's prespective |
|
|
Term
| When do first permanent teeth begin erupt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can a child begin to write? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Appropriate toys for preschoolers |
|
Definition
| dress up, toy kitchens, memory game, supervised water play, sand, clay, dolls, guessing games, make believe, tea sets |
|
|
Term
| Erikson stage for school age child |
|
Definition
Industry vs. inferiority (7-11 yrs)
-want to produce and achieve
-keen sense of curiousity regarding how things are made
-feels inferior when creativity is put down |
|
|
Term
| Piaget stage for school age child |
|
Definition
Concrete operational (7-11 years)
-can classify and organize facts
-inductive reasoning (particular to general)
-consider another's point of view |
|
|
Term
| When do chldren start losing teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nursing interventions for school age children |
|
Definition
-keep in contact with school and peers while hospitalized
-explain illness to child in terms they can understand
-teach about discretion with TV, movies, internet, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Appropriate toys/play for school age children |
|
Definition
| teams, skill, games, collections, books |
|
|
Term
| Adolescence Erikson stage |
|
Definition
identity vs. role confusion
-concerned with who they are and how they look to others |
|
|
Term
| Piaget stage for adolescents |
|
Definition
Formal operational(11-15 years)
-think abstractly, draw logical conclusions
-can make and test hypotheses (deductive reasoning) |
|
|
Term
| Nursing interventions in adolescents |
|
Definition
-adolescent should be given control in plan of care and included in dr/parent discussions
-privacy
-peer contact
-thrill-seeking behaviors should not be positively reinforced
-teach parents that teens test limits and rules should be consistently enforced
-safety is extremely important in this age group |
|
|
Term
| When does growth in height end for females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does growth in height end for males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common causes of infant mortality |
|
Definition
| vehicular accidents, drowning, burns, firearms, mechanical suffocation, poisoning |
|
|
