Term
| Structural Macroelements? |
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Definition
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Term
| Macroelements with catalytic activity and stuctural stabalizers: |
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Definition
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Term
| Microelements are also called? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Organic compounds unable to be synthesized by an organism? |
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Definition
| Vitamins, Amino Acids, and Purines/Pyrimidines |
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Term
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Definition
| CO2 is primary source of Carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced, preformed organic molecules from other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy from reduced inorganic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy from organic molecules |
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Term
| First 2 kingdoms where developed by whom and what were they? |
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Definition
| Linnaeus and plants and animals |
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Term
| 3 kingdoms developed by whom and what were they? |
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Definition
| Haeckel and they were plants, animals, and protists |
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Term
| 5 kingdoms developed by whom and what were they? |
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Definition
| Whittaker and they were plants, animals, protists, bacteria,and fungi |
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Term
| Superdomains include and what do each make up? |
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Definition
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
P = Bacteria and Archea
E = Eukarya (fungi, protists,and algea) |
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Term
| Phentic observations include and were based on the original what? |
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Definition
| cell organization, cell size, membrane presence and were based on the original 5 kingdoms. |
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Term
| Phylogenetic characteristics include and were used for the new what? |
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Definition
| DNA, rRNA, proteins and were used for the new 3 domains (bacteria, archaea, and eukarya) |
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Term
| What is universally present in all living organisms and has an identical function in all living organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes? |
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Definition
Prokaryotes:
-nucleiod, no membrane around the condensed DNA
-Lacks mitochondria, golgi bodies, and chloroplasts
-unicellular organisms only
Eukaryotes:
-Can be unicellular or multicellular
-Have mitochondria, chloroplasts, and golgi bodies
-Have membrane-bound DNA called the nucleus |
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Term
| Morphologies of Domain Bacteria? |
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Definition
| Bacillus, coccus, spirillum, spirochete, and vibrio |
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Term
| How to the Domain bacteria reproduce and move around? |
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Definition
Reproduce: Binary Fission
Motility: Flagella |
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Term
| Domain Archaea are similar to Domain Bacteria in all aspects except: |
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Definition
| They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls and inside have special membrane lipids and also tend to live in extreme environments |
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Term
| Saprophytic is a characteristic of Domain Eukarya that means and applies to which specific things? |
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Definition
living off of decaying material (heterotrophic)
applies to mushrooms, yeasts and molds |
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Term
| Which hypothesis has the most supporting evidence for the evolution of microbes? |
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Definition
| Endosymbiotic Theory (mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokariotic symbiotes) |
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Term
| Sexual reproduction in Eukaryotes is considered what type of transmission? |
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Definition
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Term
| Asexual reproduction in Prokaryotes is considered what type of transmission? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interbreeding natural populations that produce offspring capable of successful breeding |
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Term
| Exceptions that do not contain a cell wall |
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Definition
| mycoplasma and some Archaea |
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Term
| What is the steriod-like stabalizing structure in the cell membrane that is similar to cholesterol in eukarya? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of the cell wall? |
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Definition
| Withstands osmotic pressure to prevent cell from lysis and confers cell shape |
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Term
| In Gram (-) bacteria the cell wall components include? |
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Definition
-thin layer of peptidoglycan
-outer membrane
-periplasmic space |
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Term
| Gram - have what kind of cross-linkage and what specific molecule in the the tetrapeptide chain allows for this? |
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Definition
| Direct crosslinkage due to DAP |
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Term
| Gram + have what kind of cross-linkage? and what is the most common of that type of cross-linkage? |
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Definition
| Peptide interbridge cross-linkage and a 5-glycine bridge is the most common |
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