Term
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Definition
-Established by gathering a lot of data about people
-They find significant differences when it is statistically examined |
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Term
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Definition
-Are often formed by clinicians, psychiatrists in the past.
-Make observations that are common to most people |
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Term
| What had a big impact in the field of mental illness and theories of intervention? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When an individual gives a reason for why they are behaving a certain way. |
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Term
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Definition
To take all powerful feelings you have for someone and place them on someone else.
(e.g. The guy in love with a girl, but says he's not, instead says she's in love with him) |
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Term
| What are some defense mechanisms? |
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Definition
1. Rationalization
2. Denial
3. Projection
4. Reaction Formation
5. Repression |
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Term
| What is reaction formation? |
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Definition
| When you do the opposite of what impulses are telling you to |
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Term
| What are the 3 stages of Freud's instinctual development? |
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Definition
| 1.Autoeroticism: The child is seeking someway to distinguish themselves from the environment around them. 2.Primary Narcissism:The child begins to recognize that his own instincts are distinct from experiences outside themselves. 3.Secondary Narcissism: Child really begins to make distinction b/w himself and the external world. The child does not care much about the external world but he learns the value objects that are outside of himself |
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Term
| What are the stages of Freud's psychosexual development? |
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Definition
| 1. Oral 2. Anal 3. Phallic 4. Latency 5. Genital |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of an oral personality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of an anal retentive personality? |
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Definition
| Perfectionist Dominant They don't have generosity |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of anal expulsive personality? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The effect is that you block a traumatic event in your life. |
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Term
| What happens during resistance in therapy? |
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Definition
| -The person cannot go any further during free association. -The patient gets angry with the analyst -The person can't remember anything, they block b/c its getting to close to the event. |
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Term
| What are the 2 levels of dream and what is their difference? |
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Definition
| Manifest content: The metaphorical content of the dream Latent content: The real meaning of the dream |
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Term
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Definition
| Somehow your unconscious has managed to get control of your ego and info comes out that you don not wish to come out. |
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Term
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Definition
| The person is actually expressing the feeling that is often tied up for years because it was too dangerous. However, now they feel safe so they express it. |
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Term
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Definition
When a person finds an acceptable way to express sexual conflicts
(He believed its what motivated artists, poets) |
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Term
| Libido operates according to what? (JUNG) |
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Definition
| Principles of Equivalance and Entropy |
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Term
| According to Jung, Psyche operates according to what? |
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Definition
| The principle of opposites |
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Term
| What is the personal unconscious? |
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Definition
| Contains forgotten or repressed experiences. |
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Term
| What is the collective unconscious? |
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Definition
| Memories that stem from the earliest of manking. Exists within the person @ birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to slither away from conflicts by refusing to take a stand. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning one's particular culture |
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Term
| The difference b/w Real Self and Actual Self: |
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Definition
Real Self: The potential for growth beyond the artificail idealized image of self
Actual Self: Who one currently is
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Term
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Definition
| A process whereby people come to understand themselvs better through their own efforts often outside the context of psychotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
| Coming to know one's neuroses idealized self-image & real self including positive and negative attributes |
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Term
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Definition
| To be in control and to not admit that one is incorrect. |
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Term
| According to Jung, what are the 4 stages of analytic psychoanalysis? |
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Definition
1. Confusion
2. Elucidation
3.Education
4.Transformation |
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Term
| Jung's 4 functions of psychological types: |
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Definition
1.Sensing
2. Thinking
3.Intuiting
4.Feeling |
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Term
| Jung's 8 psychological types:: |
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Definition
1. Extroverted/Introverted Sensing
2.Extroverted/Introverted Intuiting
3.Extroverted/Introverted Thinking
4.Extroverted/Introverted Feeling |
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Term
| According to Jung, this type of person interprets life's activities solely by intellectual conclusions. Need facts/data. |
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Definition
| Extroverted Thinking Type |
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Term
| According to Jung, this type of person may appear withdrawn and unresponsive to others but have an active internal life |
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Definition
| Introverted-Intuitive Type |
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Term
| According to Jung, this type of person focused on other people. Use data from environment to make decisions. Seeks immediate gratification |
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Definition
| Extroverted-Intuitive Type |
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Term
| This type of person is internally focused, they have great feeling as long as significant social interaction IS NOT required. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of person is heavily influenced by internally developed ideas. The collective unconscious is important. Not influenced by emotion, just cognitive. |
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Definition
| Introverted-Thinking Type |
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Term
| Jung's 2 therapy techniques: |
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Definition
1. Free Association
2. Dream Interpretation |
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Term
| A dream about winning the lottery will fall under which psychosexual stage, according to freud, why? |
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Definition
| The oral stage because it deals w/ being taken care of. |
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Term
| A dream about a failing business will fall under which psychosexual stage, according to Freud, why? |
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Definition
| The anal stage because it deals with losing control |
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Term
| Whose theory is called Holistic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is the father of individual psychology? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Adler, what are 4 personality types? |
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Definition
1. Ruling Type
2. Getting Type
3. Avoidable Type
4. Socially-Useful Type |
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Term
| According to Adler, what are 3 negative factors in child development? |
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Definition
1. Organ Inferiorities and Diseases
2. Pampering
3. Neglect |
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Term
| Horney's 10 neurotic needs: |
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Definition
Affection and Approval
Striving to be liked and pleasing others, to live up to the expectations of others
Having a Partner
Seeking to be taken over by bother, dreading being left alone
Narrowly restricting one's life
Trying to be inconspicuous, undemanding, and modest; concerned w/ little
Power
Seeking domination and control over others; dreading weakness
Exploiting others
Taking advantage of others, using others, dreading being stupid
Social Recognition and Prestige
Seeking public acceptance; dreading humiliation
Personal Achievement
Striving to be the best, defeating others, ambitious; dreading failure
Personal Admiration
Not seeking social recognition, but admiration for there idealized self-image
Self-sufficiency and Independence
Trying to not need others; maintaining distance, dreading closeness
Perfection and Unassailability
Being driven toward superiority; dreading flaws and criticism |
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Term
| Factors contributing to insecurity: (Horney) |
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Definition
Parental Domination
Indifference
Unkept Promises
Overprotection
Hostile Home Atmosphere
Encouraging the child to take sides in parental disagreement
Isolation from other children
Lack of respect for the child's individual needs |
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Term
| What was the central aspect of Horney's theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Freud's primary assesment technique for getting at the unconscious? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's systematic procedures for providing a patient w/ the insight necessary to rid the personality of neurotic conflicts |
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Term
| Which theroist sat behind patient while they laid on a couch? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which patients relate to the psychoanalyst as if they were a significant person of their past about whom they were continuing to experience mixed feeling. |
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Term
| What is countertransference? |
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Definition
| When analysts project their own unconscious needs onto their patients |
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Term
| What operates according to the pleasure principle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Freud's personality structures deals with reality principle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which one of Freud's personality structures deals w/ the morality principle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which personality structure is biological, psychological, and scocietal? |
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Definition
Id = Biological
Ego = Psychological
Superego= Societal |
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Term
| The Id, Ego, and Superego have what type of process? |
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Definition
Id = Irrational
Ego = Rational
Superego = Illogical
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Term
| What is fixation, according to Freud? |
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Definition
| The impairment of development @ a particular stage b/c its satisfactions are frustrated |
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Term
| Describe an oral-receptive personality: |
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Definition
- Suggestive
- Gullible
- Dependant on others
- Fond of sweets, smoking, and oral sex
- Interested in receiving information
- Interested in acquiring material goods
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Term
| Describe and oral-agressive personality: |
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Definition
- They are orally agressive in relationships w/ others
- Talk sarcastically & argumentative
- Seek to hold firmly onto others
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Term
| Describe an anal-retentive personality: |
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Definition
- Delays final satisfactions to the last possible moment
- Shows orderliness
- Stingy
- Stubborn
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Term
| What is lifestyle, according to Adler? |
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Definition
| An individual's consistent movement toward self-created goals and ideals. Started very early in life. |
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Term
| Adler says that these two factors are important personality traits: |
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Definition
1. Social Interest
2. Activities |
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Term
| Definition of Organ deficiencies and diseases: |
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Definition
| The child feels that they don't have adequate organs to be socially useful |
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Term
| According to Adler, which child is the most pampered? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the effects of neglect, according to Adler? |
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Definition
The child has found society cold.
Becomes suspicious of others
Finds it difficult to trust others/themselves |
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Term
| What are the effects of parental overindulgence (pampering)? |
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Definition
The child has been trained to receive w/o giving
They have lost independence
Social Interest and Self-Esteem are low |
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Term
| According to Adler, what type of personality is most common to encounter? |
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Definition
| The Getting Type (They expect everything from others and lean of people; selfish) |
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Term
| What is lifestyle, according to Adler? |
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Definition
| An individual's consistent movement toward self-created goals and ideals. Started very early in life. |
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Term
| Adler says that these two factors are important personality traits: |
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Definition
1. Social Interest
2. Activities |
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Term
| Definition of Organ deficiencies and diseases: |
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Definition
| The child feels that they don't have adequate organs to be socially useful |
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Term
| According to Adler, which child is the most pampered and problem-free? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the effects of neglect, according to Adler? |
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Definition
The child has found society cold.
Becomes suspicious of others
Finds it difficult to trust others/themselves |
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Term
| What are the effects of parental overindulgence (pampering)? |
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Definition
The child has been trained to receive w/o giving
They have lost independence
Social Interest and Self-Esteem are low |
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Term
| According to Adler, what type of personality is most common to encounter? |
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Definition
| The Getting Type (They expect everything from others and lean of people; selfish) |
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Term
| What is psychological shock? |
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Definition
| When fiction runs head-on into reality |
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Term
| Important factors in development? (Adler) |
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Definition
1. Mother
2. Father
3. Birth Order |
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Term
| According to Adler, which child is dominant, spoiled, and likes to be the center of attention? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Early Recollections do? |
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Definition
- Reveal what the person strives for in life
- Reveal what their conception of life itself is
- Indicates how people view themselves & other people
- Index present attitudes, beliefs and motives |
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Term
| What is the holistic approach? (Adler) |
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Definition
| Persons are viewed as wholes rather than parts interacting with one another |
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Term
| What is brief therapy approach? Who came up w/ it? |
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Definition
Techniques that are able to address and solve clients' problems in a specifiable and relatively small # of sessions.
Used by Adler. |
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Term
| What is one problem w/ psychoanalysis? |
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Definition
The large amount of session required.
More time and money are invested |
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Term
| Jung refers to this as "total personality": |
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Definition
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Term
| Out of Jung's 4 psychological functions, which two are rational and which two are irrational? |
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Definition
Rational: Sensing and Thinking
Irrational: Intuiting and Feeling |
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Term
| Difference b/w Anima and Animus: |
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Definition
Anima = Woman in Man
Animus = Man in Woman
(jung posited that every human has both) |
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Term
| What did Horney say was the center of neurosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Horney, what is hyper-competitiveness? |
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Definition
| The indiscriminate need to compete and win and to avoid losing at any cost |
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Term
| What did Horney say were the 3 basic neurotic trends within her list of 10 neurotic needs? |
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Definition
1. Compliant
2. Agressive
3. Detached |
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Term
| According to Horney, what do compliant people seek? |
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Definition
They need to feel accepted and will do whatever people want.
(Moving toward people characteristic) |
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Term
| According to Horney, what do detached people seek? |
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Definition
They protect themselves from people by engaging in solitary activities.
(Moving away from people characteristic) |
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Term
| According to Horney, what do aggressive people seek? |
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Definition
They are distrustful of other people but have a great need for power, social recognition and prestige.
They try to be dominant and have cognitive values and don't invest much in emotions.
They are known for their coldness. Fail in relationships. |
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Term
| Moving toward people is associated w/ which neurotic needs, according to Horney? |
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Definition
1. Affection and Approval
2. Having a Partner
3. Narrowly Restricting One's Life
(first three neurotic needs on her list) |
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Term
| Moving against people is associated w/ which neurotic needs, according to Horney? |
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Definition
1. Power
2. Exploiting Others
3. Social Recognition and Prestige
4. Personal Achievement
(4,5,6, and 7 in Hornys neurotic needs list) |
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Term
| Moving away from people is associated w/ which neurotic needs, according to Horney? |
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Definition
1. Personal Admiration
2. Self-Sufficiency and Independence
3. Perfection and Unassailability
(Last 3 on her list of neurotic needs) |
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Term
| What is the neurotic solution for "moving toward people" anxiety? |
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Definition
| Self Effacing: A mode of responding to others in which the person will seek accommodation at any price, including backing down when there is an interpersonal conflict in order to avoid loss of friendship, support, or lover of others. |
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Term
| What is the extreme neurotic solution for "moving against people" anxiety? |
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Definition
| Expansive: To be in control, to not admit that one is incorrect, and never give in to conflict. |
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Term
| What is the extreme neurotic solution for "moving away from people" anxiety? |
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Definition
| Resignation: To free oneself from the risks involved in approaching or attacking others by being an onlooker, a non-competitor, an avoider. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process where people come to understand themselves better through their own efforts |
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Term
| What is tyranny of the shoulds? |
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Definition
| The belief that one should do this and that, whatever a good person SHOULD do, is expected by others, rather than what one feels. |
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Term
| Taxonomy on how people should defend themselves? |
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Definition
1. Blind spots
2. Compartmilization
3. Rationalization
4. Excessive Self Control
5. Arbitrary Rightness
6. Elusiveness
7. Cynicism |
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Term
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Definition
| Contents of the collective unconscious. |
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of Jung's lifespan development? |
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Definition
Childhood
Youth
Middle Age
Old Age |
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