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| Hodson's Favorite element |
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| characteristic displayed by a sample of matter without undergoing any change in its composition e.g. color |
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| characteristics displayed as a result of change in composition e.g. flammability |
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| Not permeant, changes in appearance not composition |
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| These are used to create a product |
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| A substance is a particular kind of matter with a fixed atomic composition that does not vary from sample to sample |
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| a substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by chemical means |
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| a substance made up of atoms of two or more elements, chemically combined, with the different kinds of atoms combined in fixed proportions |
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| What is a heterogeneous mixture |
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| A mixture that varies in composition |
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| What is a homogenous mixture |
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| a mixture containing a single substance, solution. |
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Crystalline (regular repeating pattern)
and
amorphous (no arrangement) |
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Good Men Know Many More Numbers
G 10^9
M10^6
k10^3
m10^-3
M10^-6
n10^-9 |
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| the speed of motion of particles at a microscopic level |
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| How do you measure Kelvin |
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| Kelvin (K) = Celsius (ºC) + 273.15 |
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| How do you determine Fahrenheit? |
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| Fahrenheit (ºF) = [1.8 X Celsius (ºC)] + 32 |
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| How close measurements are to each other |
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| How close the measurement is to the actual value |
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| What are the basic SI units? |
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| The law of conservation of mass |
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| Mass cannot be created nor destroyed |
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| Law of Definite composition |
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| Regardless of source, a particular compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts (fractions) by mass |
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| Law of multiple Proportions |
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| Different proportions of the same elements can create different substances |
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| Who discovered atoms were divisible |
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| What was the rutherford experiment |
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| Gold, atoms moving around, established the nucleus. |
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| for example Cl for cholorine |
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| In order for an atom to be neutral |
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| Protons and electrons must be equal |
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| An ION is an ATOM or group of ATOMS which carries a net positive or negative charge |
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| Atoms of the same element (same Z) with different numbers of neutrons (different A) are ISOTOPES |
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| Average Atomic Mass = Σ (Fractional abundance × atomic mass) for each isotope The Atomic Mass of an element is the weighted average relative mass of the isotopes of that element compared to the atomic mass of carbon-12, and is listed on the PERIODIC TABLE |
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| malleable, ductile, lustrous, high melting and boiling point, |
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| Alkaline metals, Alkaline earth metals, Transition metals and post transition metals |
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| other non metals, halogens and noble gases |
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| The bottom group of the periodic table are the |
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| Lanthanides and Actinides |
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The atomic mass (u) of any element
stated in grams (g)
contains 1 mole (mol) of
atoms of that element and is known as its
MOLAR MASS (g/mol) |
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| a molecule in an uncombined form. |
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| What is empirical formula |
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| the smallest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound |
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| A structural formula shows....? |
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The covalent bonds between atoms in a molecule
single bond, double bond, triple bond |
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| What is an ionic compound? |
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| Forms due to attractions, usually between a metal and a nonmetal |
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| Molecular covalent bonds form between? |
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| Non metals and Non metals |
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| How do you find molar mass of a compound? |
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| By adding the molar masses of each of the elements in the compound |
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| Mass percentage composition? |
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| tells us relative masses of elements combined in a compound |
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| the actual ratio, not a simplification |
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| Can compounds have identical empirical formulas? |
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| Calculating formula steps |
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mass percent of each compound
grams of each elements
moles of each element
empirical formula |
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| Calculating molecular and empirical formula |
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| empirical formula * Integral factor = molecular formula |
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| Organic compounds are formed from |
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metal and non metal
Metal + nonmetal-ide |
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