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| Think walled dormant cell derived from the enlargement of vegetative cell. Survival structure. Resistant Spores - not always present |
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| Alternation of Generations |
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Definition
| repro. cycle in which a haploid phase produces gametes, which, after fusion in pairs to form a zygote, producing a diploid phase. the spores produced give rise to new gamete, completing the cycle |
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| refers to any process that can occur with out oxygen, or to the metabolism of an organism that can live with our oxygen. usually cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. |
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| the condition of having dissimilar motile gametes. |
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| any reproductive process that does not involve the union of gametes, such as fission or budding. |
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an organism that is able to synthesize the nutritive substances it requires from inorganic substances in its environment.
an organism that can produce the complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules. |
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| a rare paralytic illness caused by botulinum toxin which is a metabolic waste produced under anaerobic conditions buy the bacteria. |
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Definition
| use chemosythetic (using inorganic material instead of light for food) to make food. Part of the autotrophs |
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Definition
| One evolutionary line of organisms |
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Definition
| a line diagram that branches repeatedly, suggesting phylogenetic relationships among organisms. |
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| describes an organism or part of an organism that is multincleate, the nuclei not separated by walls or membranes. |
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Definition
| The temporary fusion of pairs of bacteria, protozoa, and certain algae and fungi during which genetic material is transferred between the two individuals. |
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Definition
| the independent development of similar structures in organisms that are not directly related, ofter found in organism that live in similar environments. |
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Definition
| cells may divide to produve a multicellular phase where every cell is dikaryotic. |
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Definition
| having two sets of chromosomes. 2n |
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Definition
| a dormant tough and temporarily non reproductive structure that is produced by certain bacteria. it s is not a true spore. the bacterium divide within its cell wall.one side then engulfs the other. when the environment becomes favorable, the endospore can reactivate itself to the vegetative state. |
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Definition
| An organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism. forms an endosymbiosis which means living together. |
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Definition
| group of organisms who cells have nucleus. have membrane bound organelles |
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Definition
| an organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most earth life |
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Definition
| The fusion of two gamete nuclei to form organic compounds with out the involvement of oxygen. |
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Definition
| asexual repro. involving the division of single-celled individual into two new single-celled individuals of equal size |
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Definition
| a haploid reproductive cell, gametes fuse in pairs, forming zygotes, which are diploid |
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Definition
| in plants that have alteration of generation, the haploid gamete producing phase |
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Definition
| Extremophile organisms that thrive in environments with very high concentrations of salt |
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Definition
| having only one one set of chromosomes. 1n |
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Definition
| a transparent think walled nitrogen fixing cell that forms in the filaments of certain cyanobacteria |
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| a term used to describe a life history in which the haploid and diploid generations are dissimilar in form.(all Land Plants) |
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Definition
| an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. opposite of autotrophs. |
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Definition
| a type of sexual repro. in which the gametes are alike in size. |
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Definition
| Identical in form. gametophyte and sporophyte are didntical. only diff is 2n or n. (protist) |
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Definition
| the union of two nuclei following fertilization, or plasmogamy |
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Definition
| Necessary for sexual repro. Produces gametes or spores. 4 different daughter cells. Reduces from 2n to n. |
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Definition
| spores that arise through meiosis and are haploid. |
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Definition
| a group of micro organisms that belong to the domain archea. give off methane gas as a by product of their metabolism. need high temp and no oxygen |
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Definition
| Process where an Eukaryotic cell separates its chromosomes and its cell nucleus into 2 identical sets. Produces 2 genetically identical cells. |
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Definition
| in fungi, having a single haploid nucleus within one cell or polymers |
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Definition
| pertaining to a taxon descended form a single ancestor. |
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| Each organism benefits from the relationship |
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Definition
| Incorporation of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds. Carried out by bacteria. |
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Definition
| sexual repro. in which one of the gametes (the egg) is large and non motile, and the other gamete (the sperm) is smaller and motile |
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| a monophyletic group of organisms that serves as a reference group for determining of the evolutionary relationship among 3 or more monophyletic groups of organisms. |
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Definition
| pertaining to a taxon that excludes species that share a common ancestor with species included in that taxon. |
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Definition
| attempt to organize organisms based on overall similarity, using observable traits. |
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Definition
| autotrophs that use photsynthetic to make food |
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Term
| Phylogenetic relationships |
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Definition
| relationships discovered in organisms through molecular sequencing and morphological data. |
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Definition
| Evolutionary relationships among organisms |
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Definition
| a hair like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria.Pili allow the transfer of DNA between bacteria. dozens can exist on a single bacteria. |
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Definition
| union of the protoplasts of gametes that is not accompanied by union of the nuclei |
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Definition
something active that happens between stages
eg. mitosis |
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Definition
| the organisms who cell has no nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles |
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Definition
| an organism (esp. fungus) that lives on decaying organisms. |
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Definition
| part of the heterotrophs. get food from dead organic matter (decomposers) |
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Definition
| any cell besides the gametes in a multicellular organism |
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Definition
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Definition
| the second part of a species name |
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Definition
| a long coiled or spiral shaped bacteria. |
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Definition
| the spore producing diploid phase in a alternation of generations life cycle |
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Definition
a tangible portion of a life cycle.
eg. Gamete |
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Definition
| a trait shared by two or more taxa AND their most recent common ancestor, whose ancestor does not posses the trait. |
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| Scientific study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and the relationship between them. |
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| a general term for any one of the taxonomic groups |
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| Science of the Classification of Organisms. |
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Definition
| Extremophile that thrives in extremely high temperatures.many are Archae |
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Definition
| the transfer of genes from one organism to another by a virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of naked DNA from one organism to another, also called gene transfer. |
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